Notable Women in Science and Space

First woman and civilian in space in 1963

The Cold War competition between the Soviet Union and the US to achieve space superiority.Tereshkova's mission was part of this competition.

The spacecraft that carried Valentina Tereshkova into space on June 16, 1963.

She was a textile factory worker and a parachute jumper before becoming a cosmonaut.

The highest honor awarded to Soviet citizens for extraordinary service, in this case for Tereshkova's space exploration.

Ophthalmology, a branch of medicine focused on the eye and its related diseases.

A laser tool developed by Patricia Bath, used for precise cataract removal during surgery.

Patricia Bath was the first woman to hold this position, an important milestone in women's medical history.

Programs started by Patricia Bath to provide eye care to underserved communities, mainly focusing on developing nations.

Providing sight-saving treatment, especially in areas needing it most, by supporting access to advanced technologies, creating equitable healthcare for the public.

Energy emitted by black holes due to quantum effects near the event horizon. It's a process where particles escape a black hole.

The boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape.

The gradual loss of mass and energy from a black hole due to Hawking radiation, eventually leading to its disappearance.

The field of physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels.

Tools used to visualize the effects of gravity near black holes, showing how time and space are affected.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell discovered pulsars, a new type of star, using radio telescopes.

Pulsars were first observed in November 1967.

Pulsars are rapidly rotating, magnetized neutron stars.

Bell Burnell was the first to detect radio emissions.

While her supervisor was awarded a Nobel Prize, Bell Burnell did not receive one for her pulsar work.

Stephen Hawking held the prestigious Lucasion Professorship of Mathematics at Cambridge University from 1979 to 2009.

Stephen Hawking conducted significant research on the nature of black holes.

Hawking's popular science book about the universe's origins and nature.

Stephen Hawking won the $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.

An ambitious quest to create a single theory explaining the fundamental forces and laws of the universe.

Renowned theoretical physicist who explored black holes and the universe's origins.

Regions of spacetime with such strong gravity that nothing, not even light, can escape.

A progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.

A device that converts text into speech, enabling communication for people with speech impairments.

A point in spacetime where gravity is infinitely dense and space and time bend infinitely.

Einstein's theory describing gravity as a curvature of spacetime.

Hawking's popular science book that explained complex theories to a broader audience.

Prestigious Cambridge University position once held by Sir Isaac Newton.

In 1984, Tak Wah Mak detailed the genetic code of human T-cell receptors, a crucial discovery in immunology.

Mak's 1988 research used mice to find genetic functions linked to cancer and the immune system.

Mak discovered a chemical in 1999 that could block Hodgkin's lymphoma's fuel supply.

Tak Wah Mak is a specialist in both immunity and the building blocks of life.

After his doctorate, Tak Wah Mak received the honor of joining the Ontario Cancer Institute as a fellow.