NoSQL Databases Overview
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Questions and Answers

What feature do Object-Oriented Databases (OODBs) primarily support?

  • Database management systems
  • Data integrity through ACID properties
  • SQL querying
  • Inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation (correct)

    • Relational Databases (RDBMS) do not support complex queries using SQL.

    False

    Name one challenge that Object-Oriented Databases face.

    Scalability

    RDBMS ensure data integrity through _____ properties.

    <p>ACID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Object-Oriented Databases?

    <p>SQL querying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the database type with its primary feature:

    <p>Object-Oriented Databases = Supports complex objects and OO design Relational Databases = Uses tables, rows, and columns for data management ACID properties = Ensures data integrity in RDBMS ORM = Maps objects to relational tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A system that relies solely on object persistence can efficiently manage data relationships.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ORM stand for?

    <p>Object-Relational Mapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary risk associated with the lack of standardization in NoSQL systems?

    <p>Vendor lock-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NoSQL systems always ensure strong consistency across all transactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of applications benefit most from Object-Oriented Databases (OODBs)?

    <p>Multimedia Databases, CAD/CAM Systems, GIS, Simulation and Scientific Databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NoSQL databases can result in inconsistent _____ models if not managed carefully.

    <p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the application type with its benefit from Object-Oriented Database (OODB):

    <p>Multimedia Databases = Store complex multimedia objects directly CAD/CAM Systems = Support for inheritance and polymorphism Geographical Information Systems = Efficient handling of spatial data Simulation Databases = Dynamic and hierarchical data modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of NoSQL databases?

    <p>Prioritize scalability and availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In NoSQL systems, the eventual consistency model is often sufficient for all application needs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems are better suited for _____ databases due to their complex data structures.

    <p>Object-Oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which database feature allows users to define custom data types and composite types?

    <p>Support for Custom Data Types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MySQL provides advanced object management capabilities similar to those of PostgreSQL.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main categories of NoSQL databases?

    <p>Key-Value Stores, Document-Oriented Databases, Column-Family Stores, Graph Databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PostgreSQL allows tables to inherit properties and behaviors from _____ tables.

    <p>parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following NoSQL databases with their types:

    <p>Redis = Key-Value Store MongoDB = Document-Oriented Database Cassandra = Column-Family Store Neo4j = Graph Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using NoSQL databases over traditional relational databases?

    <p>They provide horizontal scalability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Graph databases are ideal for applications requiring high write throughput.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a Document-Oriented database.

    <p>MongoDB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about NoSQL databases is true?

    <p>They are optimized for horizontal scaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RDBMS is better suited for applications that require unstructured data storage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of data that is particularly well-suited for NoSQL storage.

    <p>Unstructured Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NoSQL systems can handle large-scale datasets efficiently, often referred to as ___ data.

    <p>Big Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using graph databases like Neo4j?

    <p>They allow for efficient traversal of complex relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ACID stand for in the context of database management?

    <p>Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of data with their suitable NoSQL storage solutions:

    <p>Unstructured Data = Document Stores or Key-Value Stores Hierarchical Data = Graph Databases Real-Time Data = Key-Value Stores Big Data = Column-Family Stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If objects can be uniquely identified across a system, there is no need for a database.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of ACID ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit?

    <p>Atomicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of object-oriented features into SQL has made it simpler and easier to learn.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym ACID stand for in database transactions?

    <p>Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, its effects are __________.

    <p>permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue does Isolation in ACID properties prevent?

    <p>Dirty reads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ACID properties with their definitions:

    <p>Atomicity = Ensures all operations are completed or none are Consistency = Maintains predefined rules during transactions Isolation = Prevents intermediate transaction states from being visible Durability = Ensures effects of transactions persist after commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Object-oriented techniques have simplified SQL for traditional relational tasks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of object-oriented features in SQL mentioned by critics?

    <p>Portability and interoperability issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used to achieve vertical scaling in RDBMS?

    <p>Adding more CPU or memory to a single server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RDBMS can handle unstructured data effectively without any additional systems or workarounds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of extending RDBMS with object-oriented techniques.

    <p>Retains SQL querying capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RDBMS, the approach of mapping objects to relational tables is known as ___.

    <p>object-relational mapping (ORM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RDBMS features with their descriptions:

    <p>Horizontal scaling = Distributing data across multiple servers Vertical scaling = Upgrading hardware on a single server Rigid schema = Predefined data structures that are difficult to change SQL = Structured querying language used in RDBMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of RDBMS?

    <p>They struggle with performance in complex queries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extending the relational model allows for the integration of object-oriented concepts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What performance issue do RDBMS face with large tables?

    <p>Slower response times due to complex queries and joins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    NoSQL Databases

    • NoSQL (Not Only SQL) databases deviate from the traditional relational model
    • Designed for handling large volumes of unstructured, semi-structured, or structured data
    • Offer flexibility and scalability not always found in relational databases
    • Data models can change frequently
    • Common in modern applications like social media, real-time analytics, and IoT systems

    Horizontal vs. Vertical Scaling

    • Horizontal Scaling (Scaling Out): Adds more servers or nodes to share the load
    • Favored for large-scale applications
    • Example in databases: partitioning data across multiple servers (sharding)
    • Vertical Scaling (Scaling Up): Increases the capacity of a single machine (e.g., more CPU, RAM, storage)
    • Has hardware limits
    • Usually more expensive than horizontal scaling

    Impact of Horizontal Scaling

    • Data Partitioning: Distributing data across multiple nodes, adding complexity
    • Consistency Challenges: Maintaining consistency between nodes is a challenge, requiring strong, eventual, or other consistency models
    • Increased Latency: Accessing data across multiple servers may increase latency
    • Fault Tolerance: Failure of one node does not typically bring down the entire system
    • Management Complexity: Tasks like synchronizing nodes and handling distributed transactions increase complexity

    Impact of Modern Web Application Frameworks

    • Modern frameworks (e.g., Node.js, Django, Express.js) influence the move towards NoSQL
    • NoSQL databases' flexibility and scalability aligns well with the dynamic nature of modern applications
    • Many modern web frameworks are built for distributed, high-traffic systems
    • NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB) are well-suited for those environments

    Strengths and Weaknesses of NoSQL

    • Strengths: Horizontal scalability, flexibility (schema-less nature), suitable for diverse data models, fault tolerance, high availability
    • Weaknesses: Lack of standardization, vendor lock-in potential, query limitations, may not align with strong consistency requirements

    Types of NoSQL Databases

    • Key-Value Stores: Data stored as key-value pairs (e.g., Redis, DynamoDB)
    • Document-Oriented Databases: Data stored as JSON-like documents (e.g., MongoDB, Couchbase)
    • Column-Family Stores: Data organized into rows and columns (e.g., Cassandra, HBase)
    • Graph Databases: Data represented as nodes and edges, modeling relationships (e.g., Neo4j, ArangoDB).

    Types of Data suited for NoSQL

    • Unstructured Data: Images, videos, audio files
    • Hierarchical Data: Relationships (e.g., family trees, social networks)
    • Real-Time Data: Live chat, streaming logs
    • Big Data: Large datasets (e.g., IoT device logs)

    ACID Properties

    • Atomicity: All operations in a transaction succeed or none do.
    • Consistency: Database remains in a valid state (maintaining rules)
    • Isolation: Transactions are isolated from other transactions
    • Durability: Changes caused by transactions are permanent

    Lost Update Problem

    • Two or more transactions modify the same data concurrently
    • One of the transactions' updates can be overwritten, leading to data loss

    Deadlock

    • Occurs when transactions are waiting for each other to release resources
    • Can be managed through detection and resolution or prevention

    Timestamping

    • Technique to assign unique timestamps to transactions
    • Prioritizes transactions based on timestamps, to prevent data loss

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    Related Documents

    NoSQL Databases: Definition, Types, and Scaling

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of NoSQL databases, highlighting their differences from traditional relational databases. It also covers scaling strategies, including horizontal and vertical scaling, and the impact these strategies have on data management and consistency. Test your knowledge on modern database technologies and their applications.

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