Nosocomial Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended dilution of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite according to CDC?

  • 1:20
  • 1:10 (correct)
  • 1:5
  • 1:30

Which compound is known for its antibacterial activity through oxidative and disinfecting effects of hypochlorous acids?

  • Formaldehyde (correct)
  • Copper
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • Glutaraldehyde

Which heavy metal is commonly used as an antiseptic?

  • Arsenic
  • Zinc
  • Mercury (correct)
  • Silver

Which compound is known to be effective against HIV and Hepatitis B for 10 minutes?

<p>Quaternary ammonium compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biosafety level agent has no known potential for infecting healthy people?

<p>Biosafety Level 1 agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agents are handled in a Class II BSC Class III Cabinet?

<p>BSL 4 agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which type of agents is it required for personnel to change into recommended laboratory clothing before handling them?

<p>BSL 2 agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biosafety level agent requires extra precaution due to its potential for aerosol transmission?

<p>Biosafety Level 3 agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxin does not require bacterial death to be released into circulation?

<p>Exotoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of the Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for the toxicity of endotoxins?

<p>Lipid A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is associated with exotoxins and belongs to the Gram-positive group?

<p>Clostridium botulinum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to avoid nosocomial infections?

<p>Proper handwashing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is confined to one area and shows signs and symptoms localized in that area?

<p>Focal infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the presence of bacteria in the blood without active multiplication?

<p>Bacteremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection involves active multiplication of pus-producing organisms in the blood?

<p>Pyemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sodium Hypochlorite Dilution

A dilution of 1:10 is recommended by the CDC for a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite. This is often used for disinfection.

Formaldehyde's Antibacterial Mechanism

Formaldehyde exhibits antibacterial properties by releasing hypochlorous acid, which oxidizes and disinfects.

Mercury as an Antiseptic

Mercury, a heavy metal, is frequently employed as an antiseptic due to its antimicrobial properties.

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds' Virucidal Activity

Quaternary ammonium compounds are effective against HIV and Hepatitis B for at least 10 minutes, showing their strong virucidal effects.

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Biosafety Level 1 Agents

Biosafety Level 1 agents pose no known risk of infection to healthy individuals.

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Biosafety Level 4 Agents

Biosafety Level 4 agents require the highest level of containment and are handled in specialized laboratories with strict protocols, including Class II and Class III biological safety cabinets.

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Biosafety Level 2 Agents

Biosafety Level 2 agents have a moderate risk of infection and require personnel to wear appropriate lab clothing.

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Biosafety Level 3 Agents

Biosafety Level 3 agents pose a serious risk of infection and require special precautions due to their potential for aerosol transmission. They are often found in specialized research labs.

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Exotoxins

Exotoxins are released by bacteria even before their death. They are powerful toxic substances that can cause serious harm.

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Endotoxins and Lipid A

Endotoxins are components of the bacterial cell wall, specifically the Lipid A portion of Gram-negative bacteria, that are released upon bacterial death and can cause severe inflammation and disease.

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Clostridium botulinum and Exotoxins

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive bacterium known to produce exotoxins that can cause botulism, a severe and potentially fatal illness.

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Handwashing and Nosocomial Infections

Proper handwashing is the most crucial step in preventing nosocomial infections, which are infections acquired in healthcare settings.

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Focal Infection

Focal infection is a localized infection confined to a specific area of the body. It exhibits signs and symptoms within that region.

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Bacteremia

Bacteremia refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream without active multiplication. It's technically not an infection, but can indicate a potential problem.

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Pyemia

Pyemia is a serious infection characterized by active multiplication of pus-producing organisms in the bloodstream. It can lead to widespread inflammation and abscess formation.

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Study Notes

Disinfectants and Antiseptics

  • 1:10 to 1:100 is the recommended dilution of a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite according to CDC.
  • Hypochlorous acid is the compound known for its antibacterial activity through oxidative and disinfecting effects.

Antiseptics

  • Mercury is the heavy metal commonly used as an antiseptic.

Viral Infections

  • Sodium hypochlorite is the compound known to be effective against HIV and Hepatitis B for 10 minutes.

Biosafety Levels

  • Biosafety Level 1 agents have no known potential for infecting healthy people.
  • Class III agents are handled in a Class II BSC Class III Cabinet.
  • Personnel must change into recommended laboratory clothing before handling Biosafety Level 3 agents.
  • Biosafety Level 3 agents require extra precaution due to their potential for aerosol transmission.

Toxins

  • Exotoxins do not require bacterial death to be released into circulation.
  • Lipopolysaccharide is the component of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the toxicity of endotoxins.
  • Bacillus anthracis is the Gram-positive bacteria associated with exotoxins.

Infection Prevention and Control

  • Proper hand hygiene is the primary way to avoid nosocomial infections.
  • Localized infections are confined to one area and show signs and symptoms localized in that area.
  • Bacteremia is the term that describes the presence of bacteria in the blood without active multiplication.
  • Septicemia is the type of infection that involves active multiplication of pus-producing organisms in the blood.

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Description

Test your knowledge on hospital-acquired infections, including common types such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, surgical site infections, and bloodstream infections. Learn about how proper handwashing can help prevent nosocomial infections and the types of infection according to healthcare settings.

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