Nosocomial Infections and Staphylococcus aureus

<p>Its production of coagulase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the nares and on the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A breach in the skin barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golden pigment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinogen binding proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It penetrates deeper tissues, potentially leading to bloodstream infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By phagocytosing bacteria and utilizing ROS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A community of bacteria encased in an extracellular matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It replicates within host cells and can eventually lyse them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofilms hinder effective antibiotic penetration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic resistance development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteomyelitis (bone infection) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encodes a variant of PBP, specifically PBP2a, resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By altering the target site to D-Ala-D-Lac. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reduction in the variety of effective treatment options. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis by targeting penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High rates of antibiotic resistance and recurrence of infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HA-MRSA is hospital-acquired while CA-MRSA is community-associated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active efflux through the NorA efflux pump. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes produced by bacteria that inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of S.aureus resistant to methicillin and similar antibiotics.

Vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus, showing partial resistance to vancomycin.

Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, completely resistant to vancomycin.

A mobile genetic element in MRSA that contains the mecA gene, contributing to resistance.

A variant of penicillin-binding protein in MRSA that is immune to beta-lactam antibiotics.

The process essential for bacterial cell wall formation inhibited by beta-lactams.

A modified peptide in VRSA that reduces vancomycin's effectiveness by altering binding.

Proteins that help bacteria attach to host cells.

Adhesins that bind to integrin receptors on host cells.

Type of phagocyte that kills bacteria with reactive oxygen species.

Localized collection of pus at the site of infection.

Bacterial communities bound by an extracellular matrix.

Pathogen that can live inside or outside host cells.

Infections caused by S.aureus, ranging from mild to severe.

Ability of bacteria to survive treatment with antibiotics.

Infections originating in a hospital, also known as HAIs or HCAIs.

Hospital Acquired Infections that occur during a patient's admission.

Infections contracted outside of a hospital in the community.

300,000 annual infections in England costing £1 billion to NHS.

A Gram-positive cocci that forms grape-like clusters, known for causing infections.

An organism able to survive with or without oxygen, like S.aureus.

The ability of a bacterium to inhabit a host without causing disease.

Processes like adhesion, tissue invasion, and biofilm formation used by pathogens.