Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the nose?
Which of the following tissues lines the nasal cavity?
Which bone contributes to the dorsum of the nasal structure?
Which major cartilage is NOT associated with the structure of the nose?
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What separates the nares (nostrils) in the external nose?
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Which structure is located superior to the vestibule in the nose?
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What type of epithelium is found in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?
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The choanae are located at which part of the nasal cavity?
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Which structure drains into the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the nasal septum?
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What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?
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What type of innervation is responsible for olfaction in the nasal cavity?
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Which paranasal sinus drains into the middle meatus?
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What is the shape of the maxillary sinus?
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Which of the following arteries does NOT supply blood to the nasal cavity?
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Which of the following statements about the frontal sinus is correct?
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Function of the Nose
- Prominent facial structure located inferior and medial to the eyes.
- Involved in respiration and olfaction (sense of smell).
External Nose
- Consists of a dorsum (immobile) and apex (mobile).
- Anterior openings called nares (nostrils) are separated by the septum.
- Vestibule: cavity opposite alar cartilage, lined by vibrissae (nose hairs).
- Atrium: cavity superior to the vestibule, lined with respiratory mucosa (pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia).
Nasal Cavity Structure
- Positioned superior to the oral cavity and inferior and medial to the orbits.
- Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucous-producing cells to trap microorganisms.
- Olfactory epithelium present around the cribriform plate in the superior part.
Walls of the Nasal Cavity
- Anterior: Piriform aperture formed by nasal bones and maxilla; the anterior nasal spine is from fused maxillae.
- Posterior: Choanae connects to the nasopharynx.
- Superior: Composed of nasal bones, frontal bone, cribriform plate (ethmoid), and body of sphenoid.
- Inferior: Hard palate.
- Lateral: Involves maxilla, ethmoid (superior and middle nasal conchae), inferior nasal conchae, and palatine bones.
Nasal Conchae and Meatus
- Each concha (curved structure) encloses a meatus (passage).
- Superior meatus drains sphenoidal and posterior ethmoidal sinuses.
- Middle meatus drains anterior and middle ethmoidal, maxillary, and frontal sinuses.
- Inferior meatus drains the nasolacrimal duct.
Nasal Septum
- Comprises the medial wall of the nasal cavity; often deviates to one side.
- Made of septal cartilage, perpendicular plate (ethmoid), and vomer.
Olfactory System and Innervation
- Sensory innervation for olfaction provided by CN I (olfactory nerve).
- General sensation via ophthalmic and maxillary nerves.
- Blood supply from branches of three major arteries: ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Extensions of the nasal cavity, lined with respiratory epithelium, with variable morphology.
- Functions include lightening skull bones, resonating sound, and providing mucous to the nasal cavity.
Frontal Sinus
- Paired with asymmetrical shapes, located superior to the nasal cavity.
- Rudimentary at birth; develops significantly by ages 7-8.
- Drains into the middle meatus via frontonasal duct and may have septae dividing compartments.
Sphenoidal Sinuses
- Large and irregularly shaped, paired, located in the body of the sphenoid.
- Can have internal septae and drains into the superior meatus.
Ethmoidal Sinuses
- Vary in number; situated within the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone.
- Divided into anterior air cells (middle meatus), middle air cells (middle meatus), and posterior air cells (superior meatus).
Maxillary Sinuses
- Paired and located within the body of the maxilla with variable size, growing with age.
- Pyramidal shape, separated into compartments by septae.
- Floor closely associated with posterior maxillary teeth and drains into the middle meatus via maxillary ostium.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the nose, sinuses, orbits, and pterygopalatine fossa. This quiz will assess your understanding of the cranial bones contributing to these structures and their physiological functions. Prepare to analyze diagrams, specimens, and spatial relationships within the craniofacial context.
