16 Questions
What is the average height of the Karakoram mountain range?
6000m
In which direction does the Karakoram mountain range run?
East-West
What is the highest peak of the Karakoram mountain range?
K-2
What is the location of the Great Himalayas?
South of the Karakoram range
What is the average height of the Himalayas?
6000m
What is the highest peak of the Himalayas?
Nanga Parbat
What is the location of the Sub-Himalayas?
Near Attock
What is the altitude range of the Lesser Himalayas?
1800m to 4500m
In which direction does the Hindu Kush range run?
North-south
What is the average altitude of the Hindu Kush range?
5000 metres
What is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush range?
Trich Mir (7690m)
What is a characteristic feature of the Hindu Kush range?
Steep slopes and narrow valleys
What is an important pass in the Hindu Kush range that connects Gilgit and Chitral?
Shandur pass
What is a limitation to human movement in the Northern Mountains?
Steep slopes, high peaks, and rugged landscape
What is a source of income for people in the Hindu Kush range during summer?
Livestock and tourism
What is the origin of the Indus River?
Mansrowar Lake in Karakoram
Study Notes
Northern Mountains
- Divided into three main mountain ranges: Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush
Karakoram Range
- Runs from South East to North-West with an average height of 6000m
- Stretches 400 km from Hunza to Shyok River and is 200 km wide
- Runs in an east-west direction
- Highest peak is K-2 (8610m)
- Features deep, narrow valleys and sharp peaks covered with snow and glaciers
- Siachen and Biafo are the main glaciers
Himalayas Range
- Runs from South-East to North-West with an average height of 4000m
- Divided into three sub-parallel ranges: Great Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, and Sub-Himalayas
Great Himalayas
- Also known as Central Himalayas, mostly located in Kashmir
- Average height is 6000m
- Highest peak is Nanga Parbat (8126m)
- Rupal is the longest river
- Satpara is the largest lake of the region
- Indus River has set up a number of gorges in its path
- Peaks are snow-capped and steep-sided with large glaciers
Lesser Himalayas
- Located south of the Great Himalayas
- Medium height of 1800 to 4500 meters
- Feature hill stations like Murree, Ghora Gali, and Nathia Gali
- No glaciers are found in this region
Sub-Himalayas
- Also known as Siwaliks, located near Attock
- Low altitude of 600 to 1200 meters
Hindu Kush
- Lies on the north and north-west border of Pakistan
- Runs in a north-south direction
- Average altitude is 5000 meters
- Highest peak is Trich Mir (7690m)
- Features high, steep-sided valleys with narrow floors
- Important passes include Shandur, Lowari, and Shangla
- Bare of vegetation, except for forests in Swat, Chitral, and Dir valleys
Life of People and Economy
- Steep slopes, high peaks, and rugged landscape restrict human movement
- Limited land availability
- Small-scale agriculture is done on terraced fields
- Summer income sources include livestock and tourism
- Hydro-electric projects are set up on rivers
- Indoor activities like carpet making and embroidery are done in winter
Drainage Pattern
- River Indus and its tributaries are the main feature
- River Indus starts from Mansrowar Lake in Karakoram
- Joins with River Kabul and Swat
- Passes through dissected gorges and enters plain areas at Kalabagh
- Tributaries include Jhelum, Chenab, Sutlej, and Beas, which start from the Himalayas and join Indus at Mithankot
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