Normal Aging Brain Changes
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Questions and Answers

Which brain region is said to be least affected by aging?

  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Striatum
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe (correct)

What neurotransmitters are said to decline with age?

  • Dopamine and serotonin (correct)
  • Glutamate and norepinephrine
  • Acetylcholine and GABA
  • Endorphins and anandamide

Which cognitive processes are regulated by the Executive Control Network (ECN)?

  • Language processing and speech production
  • Decision-making, working memory, and goal-directed behavior (correct)
  • Emotional regulation and memory consolidation
  • Visual processing and spatial awareness

What happens to the size of the ventricles in the brain as a result of aging-related changes?

<p>They enlarge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does grey matter loss typically begin?

<p>Early adulthood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aging have on glucose and oxygen uptake in the brain?

<p>Decreases both glucose and oxygen uptake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain network is responsible for directing attention to external stimuli and coordinating visual-spatial processing?

<p>Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Default Mode Network (DMN)?

<p>Being active when the mind is at rest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain network is least affected by aging, maintaining its functionality in identifying and responding to salient stimuli in the environment?

<p>Salience Network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neuroplasticity?

<p>The ability of the brain to form new connections and pathways and change how its circuits are wired (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neurogenesis?

<p>The ability of the brain to grow new neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the HAROLD model propose?

<p>Older adults often activate both brain hemispheres during certain tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EEG measure in older people during certain tasks?

<p>Changes in how their brains process and recall memories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is mentioned as one of the most affected in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients?

<p><strong>Hippocampus</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of enlarged ventricles in the aging brain?

<p>Loss of grey and white matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is hypothesized to be last affected by aging according to the 'last in, first out hypothesis'?

<p>Occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Aging process involve with respect to brain networks?

<p>Involves non-uniformly affected brain regions and neurotransmitter systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Executive Control Network (ECN) in the brain?

<p>Regulates cognitive processes like decision-making and working memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vasculature in the aging brain?

<p>Arteries and vein-walls thin, leading to increased risk of aneurysms and changes in blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changes are observed in neurotransmitter and hormone production with aging?

<p>Decline in dopamine, serotonin, and sex hormone production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of aging on the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN)?

<p>Reduced functional connectivity, affecting the ability to focus attention and stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Salience Network detect and filter from the environment?

<p>Important stimuli, facilitating a shift of attention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Default Mode Network (DMN)?

<p>Involved in internal thoughts, daydreaming, and self-referential thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the HAROLD model suggest about brain activation in older adults compared to younger individuals?

<p>Older adults often activate both brain hemispheres during certain tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neuroplasticity?

<p>The ability of the brain to form new connections and pathways and change how its circuits are wired (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dysregulated neurogenesis associated with?

<p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EEG measure in older people during certain tasks?

<p>'Slightly delayed responses and differences in overall shape of their brain activity patterns' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of aging on neurogenesis and neuroplasticity?

<p>'Both continue to occur throughout life, including older ages' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Salience Network have least impact on during aging?

<p>Identifying and responding to salient stimuli in the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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