Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Overview

What was a significant finding on the chest X-ray?

What type of lung cancer was confirmed in the patient?

Which procedure was performed to obtain a tissue sample from the lung mass?

What staging was assigned to the patient's lung cancer?

What is a primary risk factor associated with the patient's lung cancer diagnosis?

What symptom did the patient report that suggests advanced lung cancer?

Which cells are primarily involved in the development of adenocarcinoma?

What was observed in the PET scan regarding the patient's cancer?

What is the primary risk factor for lung cancer mentioned in the content?

Which treatment option specifically focuses on genetic mutations in lung cancer patients?

Which surgical technique has been advanced to make lung cancer operations less invasive?

Which class of drugs enhances the immune system to combat lung cancer?

What role does family history play in lung cancer risk as indicated in the content?

Patient Information

62-year-old male
Retired factory worker
40 pack-year smoking history
Family history of lung cancer (father died of lung cancer at age 70)

Presenting Symptoms

Persistent cough (over 3 months)
Weight loss (7 kg over 3 months)
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

Diagnostic Findings

Chest X-ray: Mass in the right upper lobe of the lung
CT Scan: Confirmed 4.5 cm mass in the right lung with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (suggesting possible metastasis)
Bronchoscopy with Biopsy: Confirmed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), specifically adenocarcinoma
PET Scan: Increased uptake in the lung mass and mediastinal lymph nodes (indicating potential spread)

Staging

Stage IIIA lung cancer (large tumor with spread to nearby lymph nodes but no distant metastasis)

Pathophysiology of Lung Cancer

Uncontrolled growth of mutated cells in the lungs forming a mass or tumor
Adenocarcinoma originates from glandular cells lining the alveoli

Risk Factors for Lung Cancer

Smoking: Primary cause (85-90% of cases), damages lung cell lining
Secondhand Smoke: Increases risk even in non-smokers
Occupational Exposures: Industrial pollutants, asbestos, carcinogens
Radon Exposure: Accumulates in homes, known risk factor
Family History: Genetic predisposition can increase risk

Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment

Targeted Therapies: Drugs targeting specific mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1) for improved outcomes
Immunotherapy: Enhances immune system to fight cancer, PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) for improved survival
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) reduces invasiveness, recovery time, and complications

Conclusion

Importance of early detection and comprehensive treatment for lung cancer managment
Smoking cessation is crucial for prevention and treatment
Advances in treatment, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, offer hope for improved outcomes, especially for patients with specific genetic mutations

This quiz covers the key aspects of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), specifically focusing on patient presentation, diagnostic findings, and staging. It includes a detailed examination of symptoms, imaging results, and pathophysiology relevant to NSCLC. Test your knowledge about lung cancer's impacts and presentations.