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Questions and Answers
What is the decay product of Carbon-11?
What is the decay product of Carbon-11?
Which gas is used as a target gas for the production of Carbon-11?
Which gas is used as a target gas for the production of Carbon-11?
Which of the following is a typical reaction involving [11C]CO2?
Which of the following is a typical reaction involving [11C]CO2?
What is the primary application of [11C]acetate in medical imaging?
What is the primary application of [11C]acetate in medical imaging?
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What process converts [11C]CO2 to [11C]acetate?
What process converts [11C]CO2 to [11C]acetate?
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What is the primary application of [11C]PiB in clinical settings?
What is the primary application of [11C]PiB in clinical settings?
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Which radiopharmaceutical is primarily used for myocardial blood flow assessment?
Which radiopharmaceutical is primarily used for myocardial blood flow assessment?
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What type of decay mode does Nitrogen-13 primarily undergo?
What type of decay mode does Nitrogen-13 primarily undergo?
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What is required to produce [13N]NH3 from [13N]NOx?
What is required to produce [13N]NH3 from [13N]NOx?
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When imaging with [13N]NH3 for coronary artery disease (CAD), when does imaging begin?
When imaging with [13N]NH3 for coronary artery disease (CAD), when does imaging begin?
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Study Notes
Carbon-11 (11C)
- Carbon-11 decays to Boron-11 (11B) via beta-plus decay.
- Production initiated using nitrogen-14 (14N) gas; reaction: 14N(p,α)11C.
- Target gas is enriched with 0.5% O2 or H2 to form [11C]CO2 or [11C]CH4.
- [11C]CO2 can produce [11C]acetate and [11C]palmitate through common reactions.
- 11C-Methylation produces compounds like [11C]CH3I and [11C]Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]PiB).
- [11C]Acetate is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, utilized in energy production or lipid synthesis in cells.
- [11C]Choline, derived from dimethylaminoethanol, aids in detecting tumors with its high membrane incorporation.
- [11C]PiB binds to amyloid plaques, facilitating detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Nitrogen-13 (13N)
- Nitrogen-13 has a half-life of 9.96 minutes and undergoes beta-plus decay.
- Produced using reactions such as 16O(p,α)13N and 13C(p,n)13N.
- Target is filled with 16O2 gas, generating [13N]NOx and sometimes [13N]NH3.
- [13N]NH3 is synthesized via reduction methods, often with DeVarda’s alloy.
- [13N]NH3 PET imaging evaluates myocardial blood flow, crucial for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD).
Oxygen-15 (15O)
- Oxygen-15 has a short half-life of 122.24 seconds and decays entirely by beta-plus decay.
- Produced using 14N(d,n)15O among other methods.
- [15O]H2O is formed via catalyzed reactions with H2, providing an important marker for blood flow studies.
- [15O]CO and [15O]O2 are utilized for assessing blood volume and oxygen extraction, respectively.
Iodine-124 (124I)
- Iodine-124 has a half-life of 4.2 days and decays through beta-plus and electron capture modes.
- Produced using 124Te(p,n)124I reaction.
- [124I]NaI is a common source for radiopharmaceutical synthesis, employing electrophilic and nucleophilic methods.
- [124I]MIBG PET/CT imaging is effective in tracking pulmonary lesions and response to therapies.
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Description
This quiz focuses on non-metal radionuclides, including Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, Oxygen-15, and Iodine-124. It covers their production and properties, along with details on decay products and target gas requirements. Ideal for students interested in nuclear physics and chemistry.
