Carbon and Its Compounds Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond does carbon form with itself and other elements?

Covalent Bonds

How many bonds can a single carbon atom form?

Four

What elements will carbon form bonds with readily?

Elements with similar electronegativities

What is a catenation?

<p>The ability of carbon to form long chains and rings of covalently bonded atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all organic compounds contain?

<p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the exceptions to all carbon-containing compounds being organic compounds?

<p>Oxides and Carbonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is not organic: CH4, CH3OCH3, CO, or BrC3H7?

<p>CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula shows the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule but not in the bonds?

<p>Molecular Formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula indicates the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule and the bonding arrangement?

<p>Structural Formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an isomer?

<p>Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is most useful in distinguishing isomers?

<p>Structural Formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a structural isomer?

<p>Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures or orders in which the atoms are bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a geometric isomer?

<p>Compounds that have the same order of atom bonding and a different arrangement of atoms in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond allows atoms to rotate freely?

<p>Single Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cis geometric isomer?

<p>A geometric isomer with two alkyl groups on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a trans geometric isomer?

<p>A geometric isomer with two alkyl groups on opposing sides of the carbon-carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the simplest organic compounds?

<p>Hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homologous series?

<p>A series of compounds in which adjacent members differ by a constant unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

<p>Hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alkanes?

<p>Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general molecular formula for a non-cyclic alkane?

<p>CnH2n+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many structures are possible in an alkane with three or fewer carbon atoms?

<p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cyclo-alkanes?

<p>Alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

<p>Hydrocarbons in which not all carbon atoms have four single covalent bonds. They do not contain the maximum amount of hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alkenes?

<p>Hydrocarbons that contain double covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general molecular formula for a non-cyclic alkene with one double bond?

<p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alkynes?

<p>Hydrocarbons with triple covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general molecular formula for a non-cyclic alkyne with one triple bond?

<p>CnH2n-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the suffixes for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?

<p>Alkanes: -ane, Alkenes: -ene, -adiene, -atriene, Alkynes: -yne, -adiyne, -atriyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrocarbons are grouped in a series according to the types of?

<p>Bonds they contain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkanes are?

<p>Covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between molecular size and the strength of the forces of attraction between molecules?

<p>London dispersion forces are stronger when the molecules are larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkanes with what molecular mass and London dispersion forces are solids at room temperature?

<p>High molecular mass and high London dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fractional distillation?

<p>Components of a mixture are separated on the basis of boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkene is used to synthesize plastics?

<p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkyne is used in welding torches?

<p>Acetylene (Ethyne), C2H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

<p>Hydrocarbons that have six-membered carbon rings and delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the two resonance structures of benzene.

<p>The structural and condensed structural formulas show benzene as a resonance hybrid, representing the delocalization of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a functional group?

<p>An atom or group of atoms responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkyl halide?

<p>Alkanes in which hydrogen atoms are substituted for atoms of F, Cl, Br, or I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydroxyl group?

<p>-OH, Alcohols contain hydroxyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an alcohol?

<p>A class of organic compounds that only contains the functional group -OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carbonyl group?

<p>Consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an aldehyde?

<p>Class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a ketone?

<p>Class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carboxyl group?

<p>-COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the suffixes for alcohol, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?

<p>Alcohols: -ol, Aldehydes: -al, Ketones: -one, Carboxylic Acids: -oic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amine?

<p>Organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia, NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are CFCs?

<p>Organic chemical that contributes to the destruction of atmospheric ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alcohol is used as a moisturizer?

<p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organic compounds are responsible for many odors and flavors?

<p>Aldehydes &amp; Ketones, Carboxylic Acids &amp; Esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are organic acids strong or weak acids?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of ethers?

<p>Commonly used as Organic Solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What class of organic compounds contains nitrogen?

<p>Amines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a substitution reaction?

<p>An organic reaction in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of substitution reactions?

<p>An alkyl halide that is formed by the reaction between an alkane and a halogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functional group is formed by an alkane and a halogen in a substitution reaction?

<p>Alkyl Halide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an addition reaction?

<p>A reaction that increases the saturation of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrogenation?

<p>An addition reaction in which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condensation reaction?

<p>A reaction in which a polymer is formed with water as a byproduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functional groups can combine to form a water molecule in a condensation reaction?

<p>Amino Acids that contain an Amine functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an elimination reaction?

<p>The removal of a small molecule along with the formation of a double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polymers?

<p>Large molecules made of many small units joined by organic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are monomers?

<p>Small molecules that compose or make up polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of polymers?

<p>Addition and Condensation Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an addition polymer?

<p>A polymer formed by a chain addition reaction between monomers that contain a double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must monomers in addition polymers contain?

<p>Double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condensation polymer?

<p>Polymers that usually consist of two alternating monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must monomers in condensation polymers contain?

<p>Two functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Alkane

Signup and view all the answers

Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Alkene

Signup and view all the answers

Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Alkyne

Signup and view all the answers

Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Alkyl Halide

Signup and view all the answers

Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Alcohol

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Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Aldehyde

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Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Ketone

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Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Carboxylic Acid

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Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Ester

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Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Ether

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Given a structural formula, identify the family/class of the organic compound: Amine

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Study Notes

Carbon and Bonds

  • Carbon primarily forms covalent bonds with itself and other elements.
  • A single carbon atom can form four bonds.
  • Carbon readily bonds with elements of similar electronegativities.

Structural Features of Carbon Compounds

  • Catenation refers to carbon's ability to create long chains and rings of covalent bonds.
  • All organic compounds contain carbon, with exceptions such as oxides and carbonates.
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is a classic example of a non-organic compound despite containing carbon.

Molecular Structure and Isomers

  • Molecular Formula indicates the number and types of atoms in a molecule without showing bonds.
  • Structural Formula displays how atoms are arranged and bonded.
  • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
  • Structural isomers are constitutional isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms, while geometric isomers have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.

Hydrocarbons

  • Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen and carbon.
  • They are categorized into saturated (single bonds only, e.g., alkanes) and unsaturated hydrocarbons (contain double or triple bonds, e.g., alkenes, alkynes).
  • The general formula for non-cyclic alkanes is CnH2n+2, while unsaturated compounds have different formulas based on their bonding arrangements.

Functional Groups and Their Reactions

  • Functional groups are specific groups of atoms that define the chemical reactivity of compounds.
  • Examples include hydroxyl (-OH) for alcohols and carbonyl (C=O) for aldehydes and ketones.
  • Substitution reactions involve replacing one atom or group in a molecule, typically forming alkyl halides from alkanes and halogens.
  • Addition reactions increase saturation—hydrogenation is a specific type that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated molecules.

Polymers

  • Polymers are large molecules made of many repeating units called monomers.
  • Main types include addition polymers (formed from monomers with double bonds) and condensation polymers (formed from monomers with two functional groups).
  • Condensation reactions typically produce water as a byproduct.

Common Uses and Properties

  • Ethers are commonly used as organic solvents.
  • Glycerol, a type of alcohol, is used for moisturizing properties.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons, like benzene, have delocalized electrons and are characterized by six-membered carbon rings.

Key Characteristics of Organic Acids

  • Organic acids are generally considered weak acids and include compounds like carboxylic acids.
  • These acids commonly feature a carboxyl group (-COOH), giving them distinct properties.

Summary of Organic Compound Classes

  • Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes differ in the types of bonds present, with respective suffixes of -ane, -ene, and -yne.
  • Functional groups dictate the reaction types and properties of organic compounds, crucial for identifying and classifying different organic families.

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Description

Test your knowledge on carbon's bonding properties and the structural features of its compounds. This quiz covers concepts like catenation, organic compounds, and isomerism, essential for understanding organic chemistry. Challenge yourself with questions that delve into molecular structures and their arrangements.

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