Non-Mendelian Inheritance Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does non-Mendelian inheritance describe?

  • Traits inherited independently from multiple genes.
  • Inheritance of traits with a complex genetic basis. (correct)
  • Inheritance patterns based on a single gene with complete dominance.
  • The interaction of multiple alleles in a gene.

What is incomplete dominance?

  • Trait expressed from two different genes.
  • Expression of both alleles resulting in a new phenotype. (correct)
  • Both alleles of a gene are fully expressed separately.
  • Condition where one allele completely masks another.

What is the probability of producing pink-flowered plants from a pink and white cross?

  • 50% (correct)
  • 75%
  • 25%
  • 100%

Which term describes two alleles of a gene expressed together, showing both traits?

<p>Codominance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chickens, what phenotypic result comes from crossing a black chicken and a white chicken due to codominance?

<p>Erminette chicks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does multiple alleles refer to in genetics?

<p>Three or more alleles controlling a particular gene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ABO blood group system, which blood type cannot be produced from a homozygous type A parent and a type O parent?

<p>Type AB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of getting an individual with type O blood from a type A and type O genotype?

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of traits are influenced by two or more genes and do not follow Mendelian inheritance?

<p>Polygenic traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when one gene affects the expression of other genes or multiple phenotypic traits?

<p>Pleiotropy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of skin pigmentation, what protein is not produced in individuals with albinism due to a gene mutation?

<p>Tyrosinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dominance is displayed by the chestnut BC and diluting Bc alleles in horses?

<p>Incomplete dominance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a heterozygous black-coated rabbit is crossed with a homozygous white-coated rabbit, what phenotypes can the offspring have?

<p>Black, white, or spotted coat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If skin color in humans is influenced by the dominant alleles A and B, what would the offspring of parents AABb and Aabb potentially inherit in terms of genotypes?

<p>AABb, Aabb, AaBb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood type offspring would be possible from a cross between a person with blood type O and a person with blood type AB?

<p>Type A and Type B only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polygenic traits that are influenced by environmental factors called?

<p>Multifactorial traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-Mendelian inheritance

Inheritance patterns that don't follow Mendel's simple rules. They involve multiple genes or complex interactions.

Incomplete dominance

When both alleles of a gene are expressed, creating a blended phenotype.

Codominance

When both alleles of a gene are fully expressed, showing both traits simultaneously.

Multiple alleles

When a gene has three or more alleles, expanding the possible combinations.

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Polygenic traits

Traits influenced by two or more genes, creating a wider range of phenotypes.

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Pleiotropy

When one gene influences the expression of other genes, affecting multiple traits.

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Albinism

A genetic condition where an altered gene prevents the production of tyrosinase, a protein crucial for melanin synthesis.

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Incomplete dominance (horses)

A type of dominance where a heterozygote exhibits a phenotype that's intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

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Multifactorial traits

Traits influenced by both genes and environment, resulting in a spectrum of phenotypes.

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Codominance (chickens)

The expression of both alleles of a gene, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits.

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Codominance (blood types)

The phenotype expressed by a heterozygous genotype is a combination of both alleles, showcasing both traits.

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Probability of inheriting a specific allele

The probability of inheriting a specific allele from a parent carrying that allele is 50% for each offspring.

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Incomplete dominance (flowers)

The phenotype expressed by a heterozygous genotype is a blend or intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

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Incomplete dominance (rabbits)

When a heterozygote exhibits a phenotype that's intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

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Genotype vs. Phenotype

The genotype refers to the specific combination of alleles possessed by an individual, while the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics.

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Blood type inheritance

The offspring of a cross between a person with blood type O and a person with blood type AB will only inherit either type A or type B alleles, resulting in only type A or type B blood types.

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Study Notes

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

  • Non-Mendelian inheritance involves complex genetic patterns beyond simple dominance.
  • It deviates from Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Incomplete Dominance

  • In incomplete dominance, both alleles are partially expressed, leading to a blended phenotype.
  • It's also known as partial dominance.
  • Example: A pink-flowered plant is produced when a red-flowered plant (CRCR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (CWCW).

Codominance

  • Codominance occurs when two alleles are both fully expressed, resulting in distinct traits.
  • Example: In chickens, the black allele (Fb) and white allele (Fw) exhibit codominance. Heterozygous chickens (FbFw) have an erminette phenotype, displaying both black and white feathers.

Multiple Alleles

  • Multiple alleles refer to more than two alleles for a single gene.
  • Example: The ABO blood group system involves three alleles (IA, IB, and i) determining blood type.

Polygenic Traits

  • Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple genes and often exhibit continuous variation.
  • Example: Human skin color, height, and eye color are polygenic traits with a range of phenotypes.

Pleiotropy

  • Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.
  • Example: Albinism is a condition caused by a defect in the tyrosinase gene, leading to a lack of melanin production, affecting skin, hair, and eye color.

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