Questions and Answers
What is the term for inheritance resulting in two dominant alleles being expressed in the offspring?
Codominance
What is the term for traits that are neither dominant nor recessive, resulting in a blended phenotype?
Incomplete dominance
What are traits resulting from the expression of multiple genes from different loci?
Polygenic traits
What is the protein found in blood that affects blood type compatibility?
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Explain incomplete dominance using snapdragon flowers as an example.
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What is the genotype of the offspring when a black-feathered chicken (BB) is crossed with a white-feathered chicken (WW)?
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This is ___ because there are two ___ traits.
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_____________ on the blood determine a person's blood type.
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_______________ in the blood attack foreign blood not compatible with the antigens on the blood.
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____________ blood is known as the universal donor.
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_____________ blood is known as the universal recipient.
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If a person has Rh+ blood, they can receive ____ blood.
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If a person has Rh- blood, they can receive _____ blood.
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Polygenic traits are determined by multiple ________ received from each parent.
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Explain why polygenic traits are expressed through quantitative variation, using skin color as an example.
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Study Notes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Concepts
- Codominance refers to the inheritance pattern where two dominant alleles are simultaneously expressed in offspring, with no masking of traits.
- Incomplete dominance results in a mixed phenotype, creating a third trait that blends features from both parent traits.
- Polygenic traits arise from multiple genes located at different loci on various chromosomes, leading to a range of phenotypic expressions.
Blood Types and Compatibility
- The Rhesus factor is a blood protein, represented as + or -, which is essential for blood compatibility during transfusions.
- Antigens on the surface of blood cells define blood types, while antibodies in plasma react against non-compatible blood antigens.
- Type O blood is termed the universal donor as it can be given to any blood type; Type AB blood is the universal recipient, able to accept all blood types.
Rh Factor Compatibility
- The Rh factor indicates the presence of the rhesus protein and its compatibility is crucial alongside blood antigens.
- Individuals with Rh+ blood can receive both Rh+ and Rh- blood, while those with Rh- blood should only receive Rh- blood to prevent immune reactions.
Mendelian Variations in Traits
- Incomplete dominance can be observed with snapdragon flowers, where crossing a red flower with a white flower produces pink offspring due to intermediate pigmentation.
- Offspring from a black-feathered chicken (BB) crossed with a white-feathered chicken (WW) demonstrate codominance, resulting in chickens with both black and white feathers, genotype BW.
Polygenic Traits and Quantitative Variation
- Polygenic traits such as skin color exhibit quantitative variation, with greater alleles for darker pigments leading to darker skin tones in offspring.
- Variation in expression creates a bell curve, illustrating the diverse phenotypic outcomes arising from combinations of multiple genes inherited from both parents.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in non-Mendelian inheritance such as codominance, incomplete dominance, and polygenic traits. Additionally, it covers essential information about blood types, compatibility, and the significance of the Rh factor in transfusions. Test your understanding of these important genetic principles!
