Questions and Answers
Which lymphoma is associated with a 'starry sky' appearance under the microscope?
What genetic alteration is most commonly associated with Follicular Lymphoma?
Which type of lymphoma is considered an AIDS-defining illness?
In which age group is Burkitt Lymphoma most commonly found?
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What is a common presentation found in patients with Adult T-Cell Lymphoma?
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Which lymphoma subtype is characterized by mutations in BCL-2 and BCL-6?
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Marginal Cell Lymphoma may present with neurological symptoms in which patient demographic?
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What is a characteristic clinical feature of Mycosis Fungoides?
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Which translocation is associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma?
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Which of the following lymphomas is endemic in Africa and associated with jaw lesions?
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Which lymphoma subtype is characterized by a high proliferation rate due to Bcl-2 overexpression?
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What is the common presentation in individuals with Primary CNS Lymphoma?
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Which lymphoma is associated primarily with chronic inflammation and has a potential regression after H. pylori eradication?
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Which type of lymphoma is known for presenting with lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia?
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What age group is primarily affected by Follicular Lymphoma?
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What is a distinctive feature of Burkitt Lymphoma upon microscopic examination?
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Which translocation is commonly associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma?
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Which lymphoma subtype primarily affects adults and is linked with the T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)?
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Which subtype of lymphoma is characterized by the presence of mycosis fungoides?
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What is the typical location for lymphadenopathy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?
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What characteristic is associated with Burkitt Lymphoma?
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Which lymphoma type is characterized by the t(11;14) translocation?
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Which statement best describes the presentation of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?
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What is a common association of Marginal Cell Lymphoma?
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Which type of lymphoma is related to HIV/AIDS?
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What genetic mutation is particularly noted in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?
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Which subtype of lymphoma presents with late-stage disease at diagnosis?
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What is a distinct clinical feature of Mycosis Fungoides?
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Which lymphoma is considered an AIDS-defining illness?
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Which characteristic is most indicative of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?
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What is a common demographic for Marginal Cell Lymphoma?
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Which lymphoma is associated with a specific viral infection and IV drug use?
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What type of presentation is most typical for Burkitt Lymphoma?
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Which of the following is a key genetic alteration in Follicular Lymphoma?
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What unique feature is associated with Primary CNS Lymphoma?
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In which lymphoma is overexpression of Bcl-2 associated with increased cell proliferation?
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Which type of lymphoma often regresses despite H. pylori eradication?
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What condition often presents as confusion, memory loss, and seizures in the context of immune suppression?
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What is the typical location of the lymphadenopathy in patients with Follicular Lymphoma?
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Study Notes
Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells
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Burkitt Lymphoma: Primarily affects adolescents and young adults; characterized by t(8;14) translocation affecting c-myc and heavy-chain Ig. Notable for its "starry sky" appearance under the microscope, featuring sheets of lymphocytes and "tingle body" macrophages. Commonly associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and may present with jaw lesions. Endemic in Africa, typically affecting the abdomen or pelvis; it is the most frequent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Occurs in about 80% of adults and 20% of children; involves mutations in BCL-2 and BCL-6, along with t(14;18) translocation. Bcl-2 protein prevents apoptosis, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Patients may exhibit fluctuating sizes of painless lymphadenopathy, characterized by "waxing and waning" symptoms.
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Follicular Lymphoma: Found in adults, presenting with painless, slow growth; associated with t(11;14) translocation involving Cyclin D1 and heavy-chain Ig, and sometimes t(11;18). Known for its aggressive nature, patient diagnosis typically occurs in late-stage disease.
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Mantle Cell Lymphoma: More common in adult males; originates from the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. Associated conditions include chronic inflammation, such as Sjögren syndrome or chronic gastritis (MALT lymphoma). Interestingly, may regress despite eradication of H. pylori.
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Marginal Cell Lymphoma: Affects adults and is considered an AIDS-defining illness. Its presentation may vary, including confusion, memory loss, and seizures. Often manifests as a single ring-enhancing CNS mass on MRI in immunocompromised individuals, necessitating differentiation from toxoplasmosis through CSF analysis and laboratory tests.
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Primary CNS Lymphoma: Primarily occurs in adults and is associated with EBV, particularly in the context of HIV/AIDS.
Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells
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Adult T-Cell Lymphoma: Afflicts adults, caused by the T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Strongly linked to intravenous drug use. Patients may exhibit cutaneous lesions and may present with lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia. Endemic regions include Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
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Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A heterogeneous group of T-cell neoplasms affecting adults. Involves skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera. Notable subtype includes Mycosis Fungoides, characterized by erythematous patches that favor sun-protected areas, progressing to plaques and ultimately tumorous lesions.
Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells
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Burkitt Lymphoma
- Primarily affects adolescents and young adults.
- Characterized by t(8;14) translocation involving c-myc (chromosome 8) and heavy-chain immunoglobulin (chromosome 14).
- Notable for "starry sky" appearance under microscopy with sheets of lymphocytes and "tingle body" macrophages.
- Commonly associated with Epstein-Barr Virus; presents with jaw lesions, especially endemic in Africa.
- Typically found in the abdomen or pelvis; most prevalent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
- Occurs in 80% adults and 20% children.
- Genetic mutations include BCL-2, BCL-6, and t(14;18) translocation involving heavy-chain Ig (14) and BCL-2 (18).
- BCL-2 overexpression leads to reduced apoptosis and increased cell proliferation.
- Clinical presentation is marked by fluctuating painless lymphadenopathy.
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Follicular Lymphoma
- Primarily affects adults, presenting with painless and slow growth.
- Associated with t(11;14) translocation involving Cyclin D1 (11) and heavy-chain Ig (14); can be CD5+ and t(11;18).
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Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- More common in adult males compared to females.
- Very aggressive with late-stage presentation at diagnosis.
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Marginal Cell Lymphoma
- Affects adults and is often associated with chronic inflammation; linked to Epstein-Barr virus and HIV/AIDS.
- Associated with conditions like Sjögren syndrome and chronic gastritis (MALT lymphoma).
- May regress following H. pylori eradication.
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Primary CNS Lymphoma
- Primarily found in adults.
- Recognized as an AIDS-defining illness with variable presentations, including confusion, memory loss, and seizures.
- Often appears as a single, ring-enhancing CNS mass on MRI in immunocompromised patients, necessitating differentiation from toxoplasmosis through CSF analysis.
Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells
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Adult T-Cell Lymphoma
- Occurs in adults and is caused by T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1); strongly associated with intravenous drug use.
- Clinical presentation includes cutaneous lesions and endemic presence in regions like Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
- Patients may also exhibit lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia.
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Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
- Primarily affects adults and encompasses various T-cell neoplasm types.
- Can involve the skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.
- Notable subtype, Mycosis Fungoides, starts as erythematous patches in sun-protected areas that progress to plaques and eventually to tumors.
Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells
- Burkitt Lymphoma occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults, characterized by a translocation involving c-myc and heavy-chain immunoglobulin.
- Displays a "starry sky" appearance under the microscope, characterized by sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with “tingle body” macrophages.
- Associated with Epstein-Barr virus, often presenting with jaw lesions, and is endemic in Africa; can also occur in the abdomen or pelvis.
- Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma is seen in both adults (80%) and children (20%), linked to mutations in BCL-2 and BCL-6, along with a t(14;18) translocation.
- BCL-2's overexpression results in inhibited apoptosis, causing lymphocytes to proliferate and lead to fluctuating, painless lymphadenopathy.
- Follicular Lymphoma is typically found in adults, presenting as painless and slowly growing lymph nodes; involves a t(11;14) translocation affecting cyclin D1 and heavy-chain immunoglobulin.
- Mantle Cell Lymphoma is more common in adult males, known for its aggressive behavior, and patients often present with late-stage disease.
- Marginal Cell Lymphoma associates with chronic inflammatory conditions and is linked to EBV, particularly in HIV/AIDS patients; may regress after H. pylori eradication.
- Primary CNS Lymphoma typically occurs in adults and is marked as an AIDS-defining illness; can present with confusion, memory loss, and seizures, showing as a single, ring-enhancing lesion on MRI.
Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells
- Adult T-Cell Lymphoma affects adults and is caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), often associated with IV drug use.
- Patients may present with cutaneous lesions and lytic bone lesions, alongside hypercalcemia; predominantly found in Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
- Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms affecting skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.
- Mycosis Fungoides is a subtype characterized by erythematous patches on sun-protected skin areas that progress to plaques and eventually to tumours.
Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells
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Burkitt Lymphoma:
- Primarily affects adolescents and young adults.
- Characterized by the t(8;14) translocation involving c-myc and heavy-chain immunoglobulin.
- Microscopic "starry sky" appearance due to sheets of lymphocytes with macrophages.
- Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus; often presents with jaw lesions.
- Endemic in Africa; abdominal or pelvic involvement is common.
- Most prevalent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma:
- Occurs in 80% adults and 20% children.
- Linked to mutations in BCL-2, BCL-6, and the t(14;18) translocation.
- Overexpression of Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis, promoting cell proliferation.
- Presents with fluctuating, painless lymphadenopathy.
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Follicular Lymphoma:
- Primarily affects adults, characterized by painless, slow growth.
- Associated with t(11;14) translocation involving Cyclin D1 and heavy-chain immunoglobulin; often expresses CD5.
- Typically very aggressive with late-stage presentation common.
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Mantle Cell Lymphoma:
- More frequent in adult males compared to females.
- Associated with EBV, HIV/AIDS, and chronic inflammation (e.g., Sjögren syndrome, chronic gastritis).
- Can sometimes regress despite H. pylori eradication.
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Marginal Cell Lymphoma:
- Occurs in adults; considered an AIDS-defining illness.
- Presents variably including confusion, memory loss, and seizures.
- Can form a single, ring-enhancing CNS mass on MRI, needing differential diagnosis from toxoplasmosis through CSF analysis.
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Primary CNS Lymphoma:
- Occurs in adults; specific characteristics not detailed.
Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells
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Adult T-Cell Lymphoma:
- Primarily affects adults; caused by T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1).
- Linked to IV drug use and endemic in Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
- Symptoms include cutaneous lesions, lytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia.
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Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma:
- A heterogeneous group impacting adults; involves skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.
- Mycosis fungoides presents as erythematous patches, often in sun-protected areas, progressing to plaques and eventually tumors.
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Description
Explore the characteristics and genetics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, focusing on neoplasms of mature B-cells. This quiz covers key types, including Burkitt Lymphoma, its association with the Epstein Barr Virus, and notable clinical features. Test your knowledge on this important topic in oncology.
