Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which lymphoma is associated with a 'starry sky' appearance under the microscope?

  • Burkitt Lymphoma (correct)
  • Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
  • Adult T-Cell Lymphoma
  • Follicular Lymphoma

    • What genetic alteration is most commonly associated with Follicular Lymphoma?

  • t(11;14)-translocation (correct)
  • c-myc translocation
  • BCL-2 mutation
  • t(14;18)-translocation

    • Which type of lymphoma is considered an AIDS-defining illness?

  • Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
  • Marginal Cell Lymphoma (correct)
  • Adult T-Cell Lymphoma
  • Mantle Cell Lymphoma

    • In which age group is Burkitt Lymphoma most commonly found?

    <p>Adolescents or young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation found in patients with Adult T-Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>Lytic bone lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma subtype is characterized by mutations in BCL-2 and BCL-6?

    <p>Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marginal Cell Lymphoma may present with neurological symptoms in which patient demographic?

    <p>Immunocompromised patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic clinical feature of Mycosis Fungoides?

    <p>Erythematous patches on sun-protected areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which translocation is associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>t(11;14)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymphomas is endemic in Africa and associated with jaw lesions?

    <p>Burkitt Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma subtype is characterized by a high proliferation rate due to Bcl-2 overexpression?

    <p>Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common presentation in individuals with Primary CNS Lymphoma?

    <p>Confusion and memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma is associated primarily with chronic inflammation and has a potential regression after H. pylori eradication?

    <p>Marginal Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphoma is known for presenting with lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia?

    <p>Adult T-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is primarily affected by Follicular Lymphoma?

    <p>Middle-aged Adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of Burkitt Lymphoma upon microscopic examination?

    <p>Presence of 'tingle body' macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which translocation is commonly associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>t(11;14)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma subtype primarily affects adults and is linked with the T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)?

    <p>Adult T-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of lymphoma is characterized by the presence of mycosis fungoides?

    <p>Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location for lymphadenopathy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>Painless waxing and waning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with Burkitt Lymphoma?

    <p>Jaw lesions and endemic in Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma type is characterized by the t(11;14) translocation?

    <p>Mantle Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the presentation of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>Painless waxing and waning lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common association of Marginal Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>Chronic inflammatory conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphoma is related to HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Primary CNS Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic mutation is particularly noted in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>BCL-2 mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of lymphoma presents with late-stage disease at diagnosis?

    <p>Mantle Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinct clinical feature of Mycosis Fungoides?

    <p>Erythematous skin patches that progress to plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma is considered an AIDS-defining illness?

    <p>Primary CNS Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is most indicative of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>Fluctuating size with painless lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common demographic for Marginal Cell Lymphoma?

    <p>Older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoma is associated with a specific viral infection and IV drug use?

    <p>Adult T-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of presentation is most typical for Burkitt Lymphoma?

    <p>Aggressive abdominal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key genetic alteration in Follicular Lymphoma?

    <p>t(11;14) translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature is associated with Primary CNS Lymphoma?

    <p>Single ring-enhancing CNS mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which lymphoma is overexpression of Bcl-2 associated with increased cell proliferation?

    <p>Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphoma often regresses despite H. pylori eradication?

    <p>Marginal Cell Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition often presents as confusion, memory loss, and seizures in the context of immune suppression?

    <p>Primary CNS Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of the lymphadenopathy in patients with Follicular Lymphoma?

    <p>Cervical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells

    • Burkitt Lymphoma: Primarily affects adolescents and young adults; characterized by t(8;14) translocation affecting c-myc and heavy-chain Ig. Notable for its "starry sky" appearance under the microscope, featuring sheets of lymphocytes and "tingle body" macrophages. Commonly associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and may present with jaw lesions. Endemic in Africa, typically affecting the abdomen or pelvis; it is the most frequent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

    • Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Occurs in about 80% of adults and 20% of children; involves mutations in BCL-2 and BCL-6, along with t(14;18) translocation. Bcl-2 protein prevents apoptosis, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Patients may exhibit fluctuating sizes of painless lymphadenopathy, characterized by "waxing and waning" symptoms.

    • Follicular Lymphoma: Found in adults, presenting with painless, slow growth; associated with t(11;14) translocation involving Cyclin D1 and heavy-chain Ig, and sometimes t(11;18). Known for its aggressive nature, patient diagnosis typically occurs in late-stage disease.

    • Mantle Cell Lymphoma: More common in adult males; originates from the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. Associated conditions include chronic inflammation, such as Sjögren syndrome or chronic gastritis (MALT lymphoma). Interestingly, may regress despite eradication of H. pylori.

    • Marginal Cell Lymphoma: Affects adults and is considered an AIDS-defining illness. Its presentation may vary, including confusion, memory loss, and seizures. Often manifests as a single ring-enhancing CNS mass on MRI in immunocompromised individuals, necessitating differentiation from toxoplasmosis through CSF analysis and laboratory tests.

    • Primary CNS Lymphoma: Primarily occurs in adults and is associated with EBV, particularly in the context of HIV/AIDS.

    Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells

    • Adult T-Cell Lymphoma: Afflicts adults, caused by the T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Strongly linked to intravenous drug use. Patients may exhibit cutaneous lesions and may present with lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia. Endemic regions include Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.

    • Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A heterogeneous group of T-cell neoplasms affecting adults. Involves skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera. Notable subtype includes Mycosis Fungoides, characterized by erythematous patches that favor sun-protected areas, progressing to plaques and ultimately tumorous lesions.

    Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells

    • Burkitt Lymphoma

      • Primarily affects adolescents and young adults.
      • Characterized by t(8;14) translocation involving c-myc (chromosome 8) and heavy-chain immunoglobulin (chromosome 14).
      • Notable for "starry sky" appearance under microscopy with sheets of lymphocytes and "tingle body" macrophages.
      • Commonly associated with Epstein-Barr Virus; presents with jaw lesions, especially endemic in Africa.
      • Typically found in the abdomen or pelvis; most prevalent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

    • Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

      • Occurs in 80% adults and 20% children.
      • Genetic mutations include BCL-2, BCL-6, and t(14;18) translocation involving heavy-chain Ig (14) and BCL-2 (18).
      • BCL-2 overexpression leads to reduced apoptosis and increased cell proliferation.
      • Clinical presentation is marked by fluctuating painless lymphadenopathy.

    • Follicular Lymphoma

      • Primarily affects adults, presenting with painless and slow growth.
      • Associated with t(11;14) translocation involving Cyclin D1 (11) and heavy-chain Ig (14); can be CD5+ and t(11;18).

    • Mantle Cell Lymphoma

      • More common in adult males compared to females.
      • Very aggressive with late-stage presentation at diagnosis.

    • Marginal Cell Lymphoma

      • Affects adults and is often associated with chronic inflammation; linked to Epstein-Barr virus and HIV/AIDS.
      • Associated with conditions like Sjögren syndrome and chronic gastritis (MALT lymphoma).
      • May regress following H. pylori eradication.

    • Primary CNS Lymphoma

      • Primarily found in adults.
      • Recognized as an AIDS-defining illness with variable presentations, including confusion, memory loss, and seizures.
      • Often appears as a single, ring-enhancing CNS mass on MRI in immunocompromised patients, necessitating differentiation from toxoplasmosis through CSF analysis.

    Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells

    • Adult T-Cell Lymphoma

      • Occurs in adults and is caused by T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1); strongly associated with intravenous drug use.
      • Clinical presentation includes cutaneous lesions and endemic presence in regions like Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
      • Patients may also exhibit lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia.

    • Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

      • Primarily affects adults and encompasses various T-cell neoplasm types.
      • Can involve the skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.
      • Notable subtype, Mycosis Fungoides, starts as erythematous patches in sun-protected areas that progress to plaques and eventually to tumors.

    Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells

    • Burkitt Lymphoma occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults, characterized by a translocation involving c-myc and heavy-chain immunoglobulin.
    • Displays a "starry sky" appearance under the microscope, characterized by sheets of lymphocytes interspersed with “tingle body” macrophages.
    • Associated with Epstein-Barr virus, often presenting with jaw lesions, and is endemic in Africa; can also occur in the abdomen or pelvis.
    • Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma is seen in both adults (80%) and children (20%), linked to mutations in BCL-2 and BCL-6, along with a t(14;18) translocation.
    • BCL-2's overexpression results in inhibited apoptosis, causing lymphocytes to proliferate and lead to fluctuating, painless lymphadenopathy.
    • Follicular Lymphoma is typically found in adults, presenting as painless and slowly growing lymph nodes; involves a t(11;14) translocation affecting cyclin D1 and heavy-chain immunoglobulin.
    • Mantle Cell Lymphoma is more common in adult males, known for its aggressive behavior, and patients often present with late-stage disease.
    • Marginal Cell Lymphoma associates with chronic inflammatory conditions and is linked to EBV, particularly in HIV/AIDS patients; may regress after H. pylori eradication.
    • Primary CNS Lymphoma typically occurs in adults and is marked as an AIDS-defining illness; can present with confusion, memory loss, and seizures, showing as a single, ring-enhancing lesion on MRI.

    Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells

    • Adult T-Cell Lymphoma affects adults and is caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), often associated with IV drug use.
    • Patients may present with cutaneous lesions and lytic bone lesions, alongside hypercalcemia; predominantly found in Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
    • Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms affecting skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.
    • Mycosis Fungoides is a subtype characterized by erythematous patches on sun-protected skin areas that progress to plaques and eventually to tumours.

    Neoplasms of Mature B-Cells

    • Burkitt Lymphoma:

      • Primarily affects adolescents and young adults.
      • Characterized by the t(8;14) translocation involving c-myc and heavy-chain immunoglobulin.
      • Microscopic "starry sky" appearance due to sheets of lymphocytes with macrophages.
      • Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus; often presents with jaw lesions.
      • Endemic in Africa; abdominal or pelvic involvement is common.
      • Most prevalent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

    • Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma:

      • Occurs in 80% adults and 20% children.
      • Linked to mutations in BCL-2, BCL-6, and the t(14;18) translocation.
      • Overexpression of Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis, promoting cell proliferation.
      • Presents with fluctuating, painless lymphadenopathy.

    • Follicular Lymphoma:

      • Primarily affects adults, characterized by painless, slow growth.
      • Associated with t(11;14) translocation involving Cyclin D1 and heavy-chain immunoglobulin; often expresses CD5.
      • Typically very aggressive with late-stage presentation common.

    • Mantle Cell Lymphoma:

      • More frequent in adult males compared to females.
      • Associated with EBV, HIV/AIDS, and chronic inflammation (e.g., Sjögren syndrome, chronic gastritis).
      • Can sometimes regress despite H. pylori eradication.

    • Marginal Cell Lymphoma:

      • Occurs in adults; considered an AIDS-defining illness.
      • Presents variably including confusion, memory loss, and seizures.
      • Can form a single, ring-enhancing CNS mass on MRI, needing differential diagnosis from toxoplasmosis through CSF analysis.

    • Primary CNS Lymphoma:

      • Occurs in adults; specific characteristics not detailed.

    Neoplasms of Mature T-Cells

    • Adult T-Cell Lymphoma:

      • Primarily affects adults; caused by T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1).
      • Linked to IV drug use and endemic in Japan, West Africa, and the Caribbean.
      • Symptoms include cutaneous lesions, lytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia.

    • Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma:

      • A heterogeneous group impacting adults; involves skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.
      • Mycosis fungoides presents as erythematous patches, often in sun-protected areas, progressing to plaques and eventually tumors.

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    Description

    Explore the characteristics and genetics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, focusing on neoplasms of mature B-cells. This quiz covers key types, including Burkitt Lymphoma, its association with the Epstein Barr Virus, and notable clinical features. Test your knowledge on this important topic in oncology.

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