Questions and Answers
What do ferns and mosses have in common?
What is unique about whisk ferns?
Where are liverworts and hornworts typically found?
What is a characteristic of non-flowering plants?
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What is the characteristic feature of horsetail plants?
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How do ferns and other non-flowering plants that grow from spores reproduce?
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What is the meaning of the word 'gymnosperm'?
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What is unique about cycad plants?
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How long can gingko trees live for?
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What is another name for the gingko tree?
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Study Notes
Non-Flowering Plants
- Ferns are green plants that grow in damp places and don't have flowers.
- Non-flowering plants have been around for millions of years and are some of the most ancient plants on Earth.
Types of Non-Flowering Plants
- Ferns, liverworts, mosses, hornworts, whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, conifers, cycads, and ginkgo are types of non-flowering plants.
Non-Flowering Plants from Spores
- Ferns grow from spores instead of seeds.
- Spores are tiny cells created by the plant, released into the air or water, and travel away from the original plant.
- Ferns, whisk ferns, mosses, liverworts, and hornworts grow in damp areas.
- Whisk ferns don't have real roots or leaves.
- There are over 12,000 different kinds of moss, which often covers the ground like a velvety rug in shady and moist areas.
- Club mosses have leaves shaped like needles and small leaves that make clusters in the shape of a cone, found mostly in tropical mountain areas.
Liverworts and Hornworts
- Liverworts and hornworts are spore-producing plants that grow on top of damp rocks and soil, and sometimes on tree trunks in damp areas.
- Hornworts are one of the oldest plants on Earth.
Horsetails
- Horsetails reproduce by spores and have no flowers, resembling a horse's tail.
- They are also called snake grass, horse pipes, or mare's tail.
Non-Flowering Plants from Seeds (Gymnosperms)
- Conifers, cycads, and ginkgo are gymnosperms, meaning 'naked seed', as their seeds aren't developed inside parts of flowers.
- Conifers have cones instead of flowers and needles instead of leaves, including pine, redwood, and hemlock trees.
- Cycads have very thick stems and large, divided leaves, and have been around over 200 million years.
- Gingko, also called the maidenhair tree, is a non-flowering plant that reproduces with seeds, with fossils of gingko leaves found to be over 270 million years old.
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Description
Learn about non-flowering plants, their ancient history, and different types including ferns, mosses, and conifers. Discover how they grow from spores, not seeds.