Questions and Answers
What is the definition of non-ferrous metals?
All metals not containing iron
What are some examples of non-ferrous metals?
Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Tin, Magnesium, Silver, Gold, Tantalum
Aluminum is the most ________.
abundant metal on earth's crust
Aluminum is obtained from an ore called ___________.
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Aluminum is never found in the ____________.
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Is aluminum magnetic?
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What is aluminum's surface finish?
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What is the weight of aluminum compared to steel?
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What is the density of aluminum?
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What is the melting point of aluminum in its pure state?
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What is the electrical conductivity ranking for aluminum?
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What is the thermal conductivity ranking for aluminum?
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What is the tensile strength for aluminum in its pure state?
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What are the alloying elements for aluminum?
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What properties does copper add to aluminum?
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What does manganese improve in aluminum?
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What properties does magnesium provide to aluminum?
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What does silicon improve in aluminum?
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What properties does zinc provide to aluminum?
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What do thorium and lithium add to aluminum?
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What does 1xxx classification indicate in aluminum?
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What elements are mentioned in the 6xxx classification of aluminum?
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Which classification includes other elements like lithium and zirconium?
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What follows the four-digit identification number?
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F classification means __________.
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O classification means __________.
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H classification means __________.
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T classification means __________.
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W classification means __________.
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What is magnesium known for?
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What ranking does magnesium hold in thermal conductivity?
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What ranking does magnesium hold in coefficient of thermal expansion?
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What is the ranking of magnesium for electrical conductivity?
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What test immediately turns magnesium grey but does not affect aluminum?
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What tests can turn magnesium black but do not affect aluminum?
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What is magnesium extracted from?
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Pure magnesium has ________________.
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Study Notes
Non-Ferrous Metals Overview
- Non-ferrous metals are those that do not contain iron.
- Common examples include aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, magnesium, silver, gold, and tantalum.
Aluminum Characteristics
- Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust.
- Extracted from the ore bauxite.
- Found in nature only in combined states, not in its free elemental form.
- Non-magnetic and has a surface finish ranging from dull to extremely shiny when polished.
- Weighs one-third that of steel and has a density of 168.5 lbs/ft³.
- Melting point in pure state is 1220°F.
- Ranks 4th in electrical conductivity and 3rd in thermal conductivity.
- Low tensile strength at approximately 13,000 psi in pure form.
Aluminum Alloying Elements
- Common alloying elements include copper, manganese, magnesium, silicon, zinc, thorium, and lithium.
- Each element enhances specific properties:
- Copper: Improves strength, workability, and corrosion resistance; noted in 2xxx series (non-weldable).
- Manganese: Enhances corrosion resistance and strength; found in 3xxx series.
- Magnesium: Aids machining but has rapid oxidation; noted in 5xxx series.
- Silicon: Increases fluidity and gas tightness while reducing shrinkage in castings; associated with 4xxx series.
- Zinc: Provides high strength and improves machining and casting, particularly in 7xxx series (7075 alloy is particularly strong).
- Thorium and Lithium: Innovative elements used in lightweight construction metals for aerospace applications.
Aluminum Classifications and Treatment
- Wrought aluminum classifications are designated by a four-digit numbering system:
- 1xxx: ≥99% pure aluminum.
- 6xxx: Contains magnesium and silicon.
- 8xxx: Encompasses other elements like lithium, zirconium, boron.
- Following the four-digit identification, letters are added to indicate heat treatment and hardening:
- F: Fabricated with no specific control over hardness.
- O: Annealed, representing the softest type.
- H: Strain hardened, achieving increased strength.
- T: Precipitation hardened; the number indicates hardness level (T2 to T10).
- W: Quenched after solution heat treatment.
Magnesium Properties
- Lightweight, soft, silver-white metal closely resembling aluminum, but approximately one-third lighter.
- Ranks 4th in thermal conductivity and 3rd in coefficient of thermal expansion.
- Known as the easiest metal to machine.
- Ranks 6th in electrical conductivity.
- Chemical tests reveal differences:
- Nitric acid turns magnesium grey while aluminum remains unaffected.
- Zinc chloride, copper sulfate, and 50% hydrochloric acid solutions turn magnesium black but do not affect aluminum.
- Extracted from magnesium chloride sourced from seawater and minerals like magnesite, dolomite, and brucite.
- Pure magnesium exhibits low corrosion resistance and hardenability.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of non-ferrous metals with a focus on aluminum. This quiz covers aluminum's characteristics, its abundant presence in the Earth's crust, and the effects of various alloying elements. Test your knowledge on metallurgy and the specific traits that make non-ferrous metals unique.