Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the result of the vibrostatic test for Aeromonas?
What is the result of the vibrostatic test for Aeromonas?
Which group of Aeromonas has an optimal growth temperature around 37 degrees Celsius?
Which group of Aeromonas has an optimal growth temperature around 37 degrees Celsius?
What characteristic is shared by all members of the mesophilic group of Aeromonas?
What characteristic is shared by all members of the mesophilic group of Aeromonas?
Which of the following is true about V.cholerae 01 based on the description provided?
Which of the following is true about V.cholerae 01 based on the description provided?
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What type of environments are vibrios typically found in?
What type of environments are vibrios typically found in?
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Which species is classified under the psychrophilic group of Aeromonas?
Which species is classified under the psychrophilic group of Aeromonas?
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What is a common testing method for differentiating Vibrio species?
What is a common testing method for differentiating Vibrio species?
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What is a characteristic of Aeromonas species regarding their oxidase reaction?
What is a characteristic of Aeromonas species regarding their oxidase reaction?
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What is the significance of pseudoalcaligenes being ADH positive?
What is the significance of pseudoalcaligenes being ADH positive?
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Which species is associated with catheter-related sepsis in cancer patients?
Which species is associated with catheter-related sepsis in cancer patients?
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What type of growth do both Pseudomonas fluorescence and Pseudomonas putida exhibit?
What type of growth do both Pseudomonas fluorescence and Pseudomonas putida exhibit?
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What is a common risk factor for infections caused by Pseudomonas species?
What is a common risk factor for infections caused by Pseudomonas species?
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What test can be used to differentiate between Pseudomonas species?
What test can be used to differentiate between Pseudomonas species?
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What type of pigment is often produced by Pseudomonas fluorescence?
What type of pigment is often produced by Pseudomonas fluorescence?
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Which statement about the virulence of Pseudomonas fluorescence and Pseudomonas putida is accurate?
Which statement about the virulence of Pseudomonas fluorescence and Pseudomonas putida is accurate?
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Which clinical conditions have Pseudomonas fluorescence and putida been documented as causes?
Which clinical conditions have Pseudomonas fluorescence and putida been documented as causes?
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What is a characteristic colony appearance of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
What is a characteristic colony appearance of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
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Which medium is specifically recommended for the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Which medium is specifically recommended for the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
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What is the primary virulence factor of Vibrio species discussed in the content?
What is the primary virulence factor of Vibrio species discussed in the content?
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Which of the following morphological characteristics do all Vibrio species share?
Which of the following morphological characteristics do all Vibrio species share?
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What type of physiological trait allows Vibrio species to attach to mucosal cells?
What type of physiological trait allows Vibrio species to attach to mucosal cells?
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How does Burkholderia pseudomallei primarily enter the body?
How does Burkholderia pseudomallei primarily enter the body?
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What specific feature helps Vibrio species distribute along the gastrointestinal tract?
What specific feature helps Vibrio species distribute along the gastrointestinal tract?
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the colonies of Burkholderia pseudomallei on Ashdown medium?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the colonies of Burkholderia pseudomallei on Ashdown medium?
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Which serotypes of Vibrio are almost always associated with cholera toxin production?
Which serotypes of Vibrio are almost always associated with cholera toxin production?
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What is the common route through which cholera is transmitted?
What is the common route through which cholera is transmitted?
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What does the term 'viable but not culturable' refer to in relation to Bacillus?
What does the term 'viable but not culturable' refer to in relation to Bacillus?
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Which toxin is produced by clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that can lyse human erythrocytes?
Which toxin is produced by clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that can lyse human erythrocytes?
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What environmental conditions allow Bacillus to survive for a long time?
What environmental conditions allow Bacillus to survive for a long time?
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Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor of cholera-causing strains?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor of cholera-causing strains?
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Which type of seafood is particularly associated with the Kanagawa phenomenon?
Which type of seafood is particularly associated with the Kanagawa phenomenon?
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What is a common characteristic of Vibrio parahaemolyticus under dark field microscopy?
What is a common characteristic of Vibrio parahaemolyticus under dark field microscopy?
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What is the most common presentation of Aeromonas hydrophila infection?
What is the most common presentation of Aeromonas hydrophila infection?
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Which species is most strongly associated with Aeromonas sepsis?
Which species is most strongly associated with Aeromonas sepsis?
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What type of media allows for the growth of Aeromonas species without NaCl?
What type of media allows for the growth of Aeromonas species without NaCl?
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Which of the following characteristics differentiates Campylobacter species from Vibrios?
Which of the following characteristics differentiates Campylobacter species from Vibrios?
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In the context of Aeromonas infections, what common exposure is associated with wound infections?
In the context of Aeromonas infections, what common exposure is associated with wound infections?
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Which test is especially useful for separating Aeromonas from Yersinia?
Which test is especially useful for separating Aeromonas from Yersinia?
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Aeromonas species are generally classified based on which type of morphology?
Aeromonas species are generally classified based on which type of morphology?
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What is a notable trait of Aeromonas hydrophila in culture media?
What is a notable trait of Aeromonas hydrophila in culture media?
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What must be used to culture Campylobacter jejuni from stool samples?
What must be used to culture Campylobacter jejuni from stool samples?
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What is the ideal incubation temperature for recovering Campylobacter jejuni from stool cultures?
What is the ideal incubation temperature for recovering Campylobacter jejuni from stool cultures?
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Which gas mixture is optimal for the microaerophilic environment needed for Campylobacter?
Which gas mixture is optimal for the microaerophilic environment needed for Campylobacter?
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Why is it important for the inoculated medium to be fresh and moist?
Why is it important for the inoculated medium to be fresh and moist?
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What is the primary characteristic tested to identify Campylobacter?
What is the primary characteristic tested to identify Campylobacter?
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What environment is required for Enteric Campylobacter and Helicobacter species?
What environment is required for Enteric Campylobacter and Helicobacter species?
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What is the correct way to store tissue samples for Campylobacter identification?
What is the correct way to store tissue samples for Campylobacter identification?
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What temperature range is used for the differentiation of Campylobacter species?
What temperature range is used for the differentiation of Campylobacter species?
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Study Notes
Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli
- Gram-negative bacilli can be aerobic or obligate anaerobic
- Fermentative bacteria ferment carbohydrates
- Non-fermentative bacteria do not ferment carbohydrates
- Ubiquitous in soil, water, plants, decaying vegetation, and foods.
- Prefer moist environments
- Found in hospitals: nebulizers, dialysate, fluids, saline, catheters
- Can withstand chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds
General Characteristics
- Aerobic
- Non-spore forming
- Straight or slightly curved
- Slender
- Motile except Burkholderia mallei
- Pseudomonas and Burkholderia are oxidase positive
- Members utilize carbohydrates, alcohols, amino acids for energy
- Some oxidize carbohydrates
- Oxidizers exhibit K/K on TSI (alkaline slant/alkaline butt)
- Non-oxidizers do not break down carbohydrates
- Motility, pigmentation, and selective media differentiate non-fermenters
Pseudomonas
- Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli
- Strictly aerobic
- Usually motile with polar flagella
- Oxidase positive (except P. luteolus and P. oryzihabitans)
- Catalase positive
- Usually grows on MAC agar
- Usually an oxidizer of carbohydrates (but some are not)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in moist environments (pools, hot tubs, catheters, humidifiers)
- Opportunistic pathogen
- Virulence factors: exotoxin A, exoenzymes S and T, proteolytic enzymes (e.g., elastases), hemolysins (e.g., phospholipase C), pili, adhesins, and alginate.
- Associated with nosocomial respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, wound infections, and CF lung infections.
Other Pseudomonas species
- P. fluorescens produces acid from xylose, is oxidase positive, and ADH positive, but does not produce pyoverdin
- P. putida: produces acid from xylose, pigment production negative, growth at 42°C negative and negative gelatin hydrolysis
- P. mendocina: nonwrinkled colonies, may be yellowish-brown pigment, smooth buttery appearance
- P. stutzeri: wrinkled, leathery, adherent colonies, may produce a light yellow or brown pigment; ADH negative and starch hydrolysis positive
- P. pseudoalcaligenes and P. alcaligenes: contaminants, oxidase positive, and ADH positive but does not produce pyoverdin and is acetamide negative
Acinetobacter
- Gram-negative, non-fermentative, oxidase negative, and catalase positive bacilli
- Motile, able to oxidize glucose, and grow on MacConkey agar.
- Often produces an intracellular non-diffusible yellow pigment
- A. baumannii: glucose-oxidizing, nonhemolytic
- A. Iwoffii: glucose-negative, nonhemolytic
- Associated with ventilators, humidifiers, catheters, and water
- Common cause of hospital infections
Burkholderia
- Aerobic, non-spore-forming, straight, or slightly curved, slender gram-negative bacilli (motile except Burkholderia mallei)
- B. cepacia: lose viability on SBA in 3 to 4 days; non-fluorescing yellow or green pigment; less likely to be mistaken for P. stutzeri, which is also a yellow pigment producer
- B. pseudomallei: aggressive pulmonary disease with the formation of abscesses and spread to other organs; characteristically stains bipolarly (two prominent colors across the cell)
Vibrio
- Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, curved or commashaped rods
- Require sodium for growth and glucose fermentation
- Usually motile and catalase and oxidase positive
- Primary habitats are brackish or marine water (for Vibrio spp.)
- Transmitted through ingesting contaminated water, fresh produce, meat, or seafood.
- Common causes of epidemics and pandemics of diarrheal disease (cholera)
- V. cholerae: causes cholera, with its main virulence factor being cholera toxin (CT)
- V. parahaemolyticus: common cause of gastroenteritis in Japan; associated with eating raw or improperly cooked seafood
- V. vulnificus: often associated with consuming shellfish, especially oysters; can lead to serious infections, especially in individuals with liver disease
These notes summarize and condense the information, without repetition.
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics and classification of non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli, including important genera such as Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. Focused on their environmental prevalence, metabolic processes, and hospital-related occurrences, the quiz will test your understanding of these microorganisms. Perfect for microbiology students seeking to deepen their knowledge on this topic.
