Non-Fermentative Bacilli: Characteristics and Pathogenesis
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál es una característica de la bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  • Es un patógeno oportunista que solo afecta a individuos sanos
  • Produce un pigmento azul-verde llamado pioycianina (correct)
  • Es un bacilo gram-positivo
  • Es una bacteria anaeróbica
  • ¿Cuál es la función de las enzimas producidas por Stenotrophomonas maltophilia en su patogenia?

  • Dependen de la resposta inmune del huésped
  • Contribuyen a la resistencia a antibióticos
  • Inhiben el crecimiento de otras bacterias
  • Descomponen proteínas, lípidos y ácidos nucleicos (correct)
  • ¿Cuál es una característica de la resistencia a antibióticos de Acinetobacter baumannii?

  • Falta de producción de biomembranas
  • Sensibilidad a aminoglucósidos
  • Producción de beta-lactamasas (correct)
  • Activación de sistemas de transporte de antibióticos
  • ¿Cuál es un tipo de infección comúnmente asociada con bacterias no fermentativas gram-negativas?

    <p>Infecciones hospitalarias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es un resultado común en pacientes con infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii?

    <p>Alta mortalidad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es la característica distintiva de los bacilos gramnegativos no fermentativos?

    <p>Oxidar glucosa en lugar de fermentarla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué tipo de infecciones se asocian comúnmente con los bacilos gramnegativos no fermentativos?

    <p>Infecciones nosocomiales, particularmente en unidades de cuidado intensivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué bacteria se asocia comúnmente con infecciones crónicas en individuos con fibrosis quística?

    <p>Burkholderia cepacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué característica de Acinetobacter baumannii hace que sea un patógeno desafiante de tratar?

    <p>Su alta resistencia a los antibióticos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué dispositivo médico se asocia comúnmente con infecciones nosocomiales causadas por bacilos gramnegativos no fermentativos?

    <p>Ventiladores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Non-Fermentative Bacilli

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Characteristics

    • Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium
    • Found in soil, water, and human gut
    • Opportunistic pathogen, causing infections in immunocompromised individuals
    • Produces blue-green pigment pyocyanin, which has antimicrobial properties
    • Can form biofilms, making it resistant to antibiotics and host immune system

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pathogenesis

    • Opportunistic pathogen, often affecting immunocompromised individuals
    • Causes a range of infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections
    • Produces a variety of enzymes, including proteases, lipases, and DNases, which contribute to its pathogenesis
    • Can form biofilms, making it resistant to antibiotics and host immune system

    Acinetobacter baumannii Drug Resistance

    • Multidrug-resistant, with high levels of resistance to antibiotics, including carbapenems and aminoglycosides
    • Resistance mechanisms include:
      • Production of beta-lactamases, which break down antibiotics
      • Alterations in porin proteins, reducing antibiotic uptake
      • Activation of efflux pumps, which remove antibiotics from the cell
    • High mortality rates associated with A. baumannii infections, particularly in intensive care units

    Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli

    • Group of bacteria that do not ferment glucose, including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Acinetobacter
    • Characterized by their ability to oxidize glucose, rather than fermenting it
    • Often associated with nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals

    Hospital-Acquired Infections

    • Non-fermentative bacilli are common causes of hospital-acquired infections, including:
      • Pneumonia
      • Urinary tract infections
      • Bacteremia
      • Wound infections
    • Often associated with the use of medical devices, such as ventilators and catheters
    • Can be difficult to treat due to high levels of antibiotic resistance

    Burkholderia cepacia

    • Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium
    • Found in soil and water, and can colonize human respiratory tract
    • Can cause chronic infections, particularly in individuals with cystic fibrosis
    • Produces a variety of enzymes, including proteases and lipases, which contribute to its pathogenesis
    • Can be resistant to multiple antibiotics, making treatment challenging

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    Description

    Learn about the characteristics and pathogenesis of non-fermentative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cepacia. Understand their role in hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic resistance.

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