Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person

Unlawful application of force to another person.

Causing someone to fear immediate unlawful force.

Intent or recklessness to cause fear of force.

Knowing the risk of creating fear but acting anyway.

Failing to act when there's a duty can lead to battery.

Omission led to unintentional harm through negligence.

Force used without legal justification or consent.

Applying harmful force through inaction when obligated.

The physical act needed to prove actual bodily harm in law.

An act causing victim to fear immediate unlawful force or applying such force.

Causing 'really serious harm' to a victim as per legal standards.

The requirement for the assault or battery to cause actual bodily harm.

Connection needed between the defendant's act and the resulting harm.

Includes physical or psychological injuries inflicted on a victim.

A new act that breaks the chain of causation, absolving liability.

Court rulings that clarify definitions and applications of ABH.

Harm that interferes with health or comfort, more than transient.

A wound requires a break in the continuity of skin layers.

Clarified that ABH includes injuries affecting health or comfort.

Both dermis and epidermis must be broken for wounding.

Internal rupture without outer break not considered wounding.

Injuries must be more than 'transient or trifling' to count as ABH.

No intervening act can break the chain of causation in ABH cases.

ABH injuries are sometimes classified under GBH for charging.

The mental state required for actual bodily harm, same as assault or battery.

To act with intention or subjective recklessness in causing harm.

Confirmed that no extra mens rea is needed for ABH beyond assault.

Established intent for battery is sufficient for ABH, even if harm is accidental.

Clarified that foresight of some harm is enough for establishing guilt in ABH.

Purpose or recklessness to apply unlawful force is sufficient for ABH.

Any harm, no matter how minor, can establish liability for ABH.

Leading case confirming that intent for battery suffices for ABH.

A law making it an offence to maliciously wound or cause grievous bodily harm with intent.

Severe physical injury inflicted on another person, often with intent.

The intention required to prove a crime under S.18, specifically malicious intent.

The highest penalty for S.18 offences is life imprisonment due to their severity.

A crime that requires intention to commit, such as S.18.

A serious crime that can be tried in a higher court, like S.18.

Crimes that can be proven through intent or recklessness, like S.20 and S.47.

An element of S.18 where one may cause harm while preventing lawful detention.

The physical act required to prove a s.18 offense, either maliciously wounding or causing grievous bodily harm.

Intentionally causing a wound or injury to another person, part of actus reus for s.18.

Establishing a clear link between the defendant’s act and the resulting harm without interruption.

A wound must involve breaking the continuity of skin layers as per law.

In legal terms, 'cause' is different from 'inflict', focusing on the action that leads to harm.

A principle that confirms no new act interrupts the original chain of causation in s.18 cases.