Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the compound: C-OH

CH3

OH

2-methyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid

What is the name of the compound: Br

Cl

4-bromo-1-chlorobenzene

What is the name of the compound: CH2CH3

CH2CH3

1,4-diethylbenzene

Flashcards

Monosubstituted Benzene Derivatives

Benzene with one substituent; named by adding the substituent's name before 'benzene'.

Bromobenzene

Benzene with a bromine substituent.

Nitrobenzene

Benzene with a nitro group substituent.

Phenol

Benzene with a hydroxyl group substituent; a common name for benzenol.

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Toluene

Benzene with a methyl group substituent; a common name for methylbenzene.

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Benzoic acid

Benzene with a carboxyl group substituent; a common name for benzenecarboxylic acid.

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Benzaldehyde

Benzene with an aldehyde group substituent; a common name for benzenecarbaldehyde.

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Disubstituted Benzene

Benzene with two substituents; numbered from highest-priority substituent.

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ortho (o)

[1,2] orientation of two substituents.

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meta (m)

[1,3] orientation of two substituents.

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para (p)

[1,4] orientation of two substituents.

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o-dichlorobenzene

Benzene with two chlorine substituents in the ortho position.

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1,2-dichlorobenzene

Benzene with two chlorine substituents in 1 and 2 positions.

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p-nitrophenol

Benzene with nitro and hydroxyl groups in the para position.

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4-nitrophenol

Benzene with a nitro group and a hydroxyl group at positions 1 and 4.

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m-chloroiodobenzene

Benzene with chlorine and iodine substituents in the meta position.

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1,3-chloroiodobenzene

Benzene with chlorine and iodine at positions 1 and 3.

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Polysubstituted Benzene

Benzene with more than two substituents.

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1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

Benzene with three chlorine substituents at positions 1, 2, and 4.

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Study Notes

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

  • Aromatic compounds resemble benzene in chemical behavior.
  • Examples include toluene, phenol, aniline, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzonitrile, ortho-xylene, and styrene.

Monosubstituted Benzene Derivatives

  • Named by prefixing the substituent group name to "benzene".
  • Examples:
    • Bromobenzene
    • Nitrobenzene
    • Phenol (common name for benzenol)
    • Toluene (common name for methylbenzene)
  • Common names are not always used when following IUPAC naming rules.

Disubstituted Benzene

  • Number carbon atoms starting from the substituent with the highest priority.
  • Use terms ortho (o), meta (m), and para (p) to describe positions of substituents.
    • Ortho: [1,2] positions
    • Meta: [1,3] positions
    • Para [1,4] positions
  • Examples include:
    • o-dichlorobenzene
    • p-nitrophenol
    • m-chloroiodobenzene

Polysubstituted Benzene

  • Indicate positions by using numbers.
  • Example: 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
  • Examples include:
    • 2-bromo-4-nitrophenol

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