Nomenclature of Acids

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Questions and Answers

Write the structure for 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid.

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2COOH

Write the structure for 2-butynoic acid.

CH3CH2C≡CCOOH

Give an IUPAC name for CH3CH2CO2H.

Propanoic acid

Give an IUPAC name for (CH3)3CCH2CH2CO2H.

4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid Signup and view all the answers

When the carboxyl group is attached to a ring, the ending -carboxylic acid is added to the name of the parent cycloalkane.

cyclopentanecarboxylic acid Signup and view all the answers

Aromatic acids are named by attaching the suffix -oic acid or -ic acid to an appropriate prefix derived from the aromatic hydrocarbon.

trans-3-chlorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carboxylic acid nomenclature

The IUPAC naming system for carboxylic acids utilizes prefixes and suffixes to denote the structure and location of functional groups. The parent chain is the longest continuous chain containing the carboxyl group. The carboxyl carbon (C=O) is always assigned as carbon number 1 in the chain. The remaining carbons are numbered sequentially along the longest carbon chain, based on the substituents.

Hydroxy-substituted acid

A carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group attached to the main chain. The position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number before the term 'hydroxy' in the IUPAC name.

Halo-substituted acid

A carboxylic acid with a halogen (like bromine or iodine) attached to the main chain. The position and identity of the halogen are indicated in the IUPAC name.

Alkyne-substituted acid

A carboxylic acid with a triple bond between two carbons in the main chain. The position of the triple bond is indicated in the IUPAC name.

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Keto-substituted acid

A carboxylic acid with a ketone group (C=O) attached to the main chain. The position of the ketone group is indicated in the IUPAC name.

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Cycloalkanecarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid where the carboxyl group is attached to a cyclic alkane. The parent cycloalkane name is followed by 'carboxylic acid'.

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Aromatic carboxylic acids

Carboxylic acids where the carboxyl group (-COOH) is directly attached to an aromatic ring structure. The aromatic prefix is followed by 'carboxylic acid' or 'oic acid'.

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Study Notes

Problem 10.1: Write the structure for the following acids:
- 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid
- 2-iodo-2-methyloctanoic acid
- 2-butynoic acid
- 5-ethyl-6-oxoheptanoic acid

IUPAC Names

Problem 10.2: Give an IUPAC name for the following:
- CH₂CO₂H
- Br₂CHCH₂CO₂H
- (CH₃)₃CCH₂CH₂CO₂H
- CH₃CH=CHCO₂H

Carboxylic Acids Attached to Rings

When a carboxyl group is attached to a ring, the ending "-carboxylic acid" is added to the parent cycloalkane name.
- Example: cyclopentanecarboxylic acid

Aromatic Acids

Aromatic acids are named by attaching the suffix "-oic acid" or "-ic acid" to an appropriate prefix derived from the aromatic hydrocarbon.
- Example: trans-3-chlorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid

Example Acid from a Natural Source

The root of Garden Heliotrope is a source of valeric acid (CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the nomenclature and structure of various carboxylic acids in this quiz. You will be asked to provide IUPAC names for specific compounds and understand the naming conventions for cyclic and aromatic acids. Perfect for students in chemistry class 10!