Nobel Prize Winners 1924-1965
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Questions and Answers

What prompted Lise Meitner's escape from Germany to Sweden?

  • The discovery of the Auger effect in 1922.
  • Her conversion to Christianity in 1908.
  • The annexation of Austria by Germany and escalating Nazi threat. (correct)
  • Her collaboration with Otto Hahn on radioactive elements.

    • In which period of Meitner's life did the discovery and understanding of nuclear fission happen?

  • During her time as an X-ray technician during World War 1
  • During her postdoctoral research in 1907
  • Following her work with Max Planck
  • Her collaboration with Otto Hahn while at the Nobel Institute and her subsequent explanation of Hahn's unexpected results (correct)

    • What crucial event in nuclear physics occurred in 1942 after Meitner and Frisch's breakthrough?

  • Creation of the first working nuclear chain reactor (correct)
  • The discovery of a new isotope
  • The discovery of the Auger effect
  • Construction of the first functioning atomic bomb

    • What specific observation led Meitner and Frisch to propose the concept of nuclear fission?

    <p>Uranium, when bombarded with neutrons, seemed to produce barium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nature of Lise Meitner's collaboration with Otto Hahn?

    <p>They worked on research into radioactive elements and isotopes spanning three decades. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lise Meitner's role during World War I?

    <p>Serving as an X-ray technician (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Lise Meitner achieve first female physics professorship in Germany?

    <p>1926 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scientific phenomenon did Lise Meitner explain in 1922?

    <p>The Auger effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who aided Lise Meitner in her escape from Germany?

    <p>Niles Bohr and Dirk Coster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist led the creation of the first working nuclear chain reactor?

    <p>Enrico Fermi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Lise Meitner

    A physicist known for her work in nuclear physics and radioactivity.

    Isotope of Protactinium

    A variant of protactinium discovered by Meitner and Hahn in 1917-18.

    Nuclear Fission

    The process where nucleus of an atom splits into two lighter nuclei, discovered through Meitner's research.

    1939 Breakthrough

    Meitner and Frisch explained the nuclear fission phenomenon using neutrons.

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    Nobel Prize Nomination

    Meitner was nominated for this prestigious award in 1948 for her contributions to physics.

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    Nuclear Chain Reaction

    A process where released neutrons trigger further fissions, leading to exponential energy release.

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    Auger Effect

    The phenomenon studied by Meitner where an electron is emitted from an atom's outer shell.

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    First Female Physics Professor

    Meitner became the first female physics professor in Germany in 1926.

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    Nazi Regime Threat

    The perilous environment in Germany that forced Meitner to flee to Sweden in 1938.

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    Collaboration with Otto Hahn

    Meitner worked with Hahn for 30 years on radioactive elements, leading to significant discoveries.

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    Study Notes

    Nobel Prize Winners Between 1924 and 1965

    • Lise Meitner received a Nobel nomination between 1924 and 1965
    • Worked as an X-ray technician during WWI
    • Co-discovered a new isotope of protactinium with Otto Hahn in 1917-1918
    • Published findings on the Auger effect in 1922
    • Became a research post in Stockholm in 1938
    • Received report from Hahn on December 24, 1938

    Nuclear Discovery

    • Meitner worked with Otto Hahn for 30 years, studying radioactive elements
    • Discovered many isotopes
    • Meitner and Frisch's 1939 breakthrough led to the development of nuclear power.

    Enrico Fermi

    • Created the first working nuclear chain reactor in 1942
    • Did not realize it achieved nuclear fission in 1934
    • Convinced the US military of the feasibility of creating a bomb, helping prevent Nazi Germany from doing so first.

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    Description

    Explore the significant contributions of Nobel Prize winners like Lise Meitner and Enrico Fermi between 1924 and 1965. This quiz covers their groundbreaking discoveries and roles in nuclear science during and after World War II. Discover how these scientists changed the course of history with their innovative work.

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