Physics Lecture 1: Nobel Prize Winners in NMR

What was the Nobel Prize awarded to Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield for?

Who were the two scientists awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine?

What is the field of medicine that Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield were awarded the Nobel Prize in?

What is the name of the imaging technology that Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield were awarded the Nobel Prize for?

What is the primary function of fMRI?

What is the language of the given text in addition to English?

What is the name of the person who developed fMRI?

In what year was fMRI developed?

What does fMRI stand for?

What is the main advantage of fMRI over other brain imaging techniques?

Who discovered the magnetic resonance phenomenon independently?

What was developed and used for chemical and physical molecular analysis between 1950 and 1970?

Who showed that the nuclear magnetic relaxation times of tissues and tumors differed?

Who introduced the x-ray-based computerized tomography (CT) in 1973?

Who proposed magnetic resonance imaging using phase and frequency encoding, and the Fourier Transform?

Who developed the echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique?

When was functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developed?

Who perfected magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) without the use of contrast agents?

What was used to perform real-time movie imaging of a single cardiac cycle in 1987?

When was the imaging time reduced to about five seconds and 10μm?

Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1952 for discovering the magnetic resonance phenomenon independently.
Between 1950 and 1970, NMR was developed and used for chemical and physical molecular analysis.
In 1971, Raymond Damadian showed that the nuclear magnetic relaxation times of tissues and tumors differed.
In 1973, the x-ray-based computerized tomography (CT) was introduced by Hounsfield, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was first demonstrated on small test tube samples by Paul Lauterbur.
Lauterbur used a back projection technique similar to that used in CT scans.

In 1975, Richard Ernst proposed magnetic resonance imaging using phase and frequency encoding, and the Fourier Transform.
In 1977, Raymond Damadian demonstrated MRI called field-focusing nuclear magnetic resonance, and Peter Mansfield developed the echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique.
In 1980, Edelstein and coworkers demonstrated imaging of the body using Ernst's technique.
In 1986, the imaging time was reduced to about five seconds and 10 μm.
In 1987, echo-planar imaging was used to perform real-time movie imaging of a single cardiac cycle.

Charles Dumoulin was perfecting magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) without the use of contrast agents.
In 1992, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was developed, allowing mapping of the function of different areas of the human brain.
In 2003, Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging.