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<p>Interpretive and communicative approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Best practices based on evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical reflection and empirical knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides a credential for employment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focus only on profitability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals' perceptions shape their understanding of reality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a global and neutral perspective with discrete concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broad issues of knowledge generation and theory development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurse, person, environment, and health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overlapping domains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encourages questioning of established beliefs and practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bridge the gap between grand theories and specific practice theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical characteristics affecting patient interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being situated in the forest and in the moment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measurable unit used to assess a theory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The naming and categorizing of concepts or subjects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A testable prediction related to a theory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outcomes that are measurable and support the hypothesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respect for individuals' rights to make informed healthcare decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beneficence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doing no harm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyze situations from multiple theoretical lenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances the integration of the latest research in clinical decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the 1980s. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowing patients full control over treatment decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyze the cost-effectiveness of treatments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-actualization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers must instruct all aspects of learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory store (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working memory can manage a limited amount of information at one time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decay, interference, and loss of retrieval cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning through physical interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions positively influence learning and self-actualization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It manages information that may be lost if not acted upon within 20 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning is personal and individualized (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge and wisdom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal respect for others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duties are absolute and non-negotiable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veil of ignorance for equality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural beliefs about right and wrong (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing new cases against past influential cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education, experience, literature review, and supervision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participatory model of decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex responsive process of relating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancements in middle range and practice-specific theories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementation requires adaptation to specific contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the measurement and prediction of relationships between variables. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient autonomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prediction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help determine real-world applications of nursing care. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patterns and nature of patient transitions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ignoring variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concepts and relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grand theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle range theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A microtheory that is situation specific (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conceptual framework (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of therapeutic relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consist of concrete concepts and can be empirically tested (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructs can be operationally defined and tested when broken down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theorem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learned behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distorted thoughts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-actualization and personal potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic needs must be met before higher needs can be pursued (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manipulating behavior through reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptation to stress includes phases of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing and altering false cognitions can change behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasis on the uniqueness of individual stress responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The educational background of the nurse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformational leadership model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory-practice gap refers to the disconnect between learned theories and actual nursing practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What medications will be prescribed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can disregard individual patient needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific timing for when the theory should be applied (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting collaborative care among various healthcare professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global variations in nursing practice and education standards exist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informal training and development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasis on creativity, intuitiveness, and tailored care for patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical reflection and empirical evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A philosophy and conceptual framework guiding practice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides control over professional activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altruistic service to society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nursing as science is based on empirical evidence and best practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Naturalism in theory development emphasizes understanding phenomena within their specific context, like being in a forest.

Positivism in theory development highlights a scientific, measurable approach, emphasizing testing and structured methods.

An empirical indicator is something measurable, allowing for data collection and analysis to evaluate a theory.

A testable prediction in a theory, a proposed explanation that can be examined through research.

Using research evidence to guide practice decisions and improve outcomes.

Nursing's worldview, encompassing the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing. It's a global perspective.

The four key elements within nursing's worldview: person, environment, health, and nursing itself.

An approach that emphasizes the individual's perceived reality, where knowledge is created subjectively.

A theory about theory, focusing on knowledge generation and theory development within nursing.

The surroundings affecting a patient, including physical aspects, familiarity, and safety.

Theories in nursing that are more focused and specific than grand theories.

Broad, encompassing theories in nursing.

Approaches to understanding that emphasizes change, questioning the old, and learning from the past with a modern lens.

Defining nursing universally is hard due to varying practices and standards globally, and the emphasis on individualized patient care.

Nursing as a profession has a recognized status, specialized knowledge, and control over training, leading to accountability and public service.

Key characteristics include a defined knowledge base, training control, credentialing, altruism, ethics, formal education, socialization, and autonomy.

Nursing is a field with a philosophy, conceptual framework, and specific knowledge development methodology.

Nursing art involves creativity, individual patient approaches, and intuitive care, while nursing science relies on evidence, best practices, and theories to inform care.

Nursing requires a defined philosophy to guide its practice and knowledge development, often influencing the approach and treatment of patients.

Nursing utilizes a conceptual framework to organize and understand unique concepts and processes in the profession of nursing.

A specified method nursing uses to develop and prove its knowledge and practices.

Learning that happens over time through the interaction of behavior, mental processes, and the environment. It's sequential and experimental, adapting to the world.

Learning that emphasizes emotions as a positive influence. It focuses on human potential and improving human relations skills.

A model of human memory where information flows through sensory, short-term, and long-term stores. Short-term memory is also known as working memory.

Explanations for why we forget information, including decay (the loss of information over time), interference, and loss of retrieval cues.

The idea that working memory has a limit on the amount of information it can process. Long-term memory creates schemas to store large amounts of information.

Theories about how adults learn, emphasizing their self-directedness and the application of learning to real-life situations. 

Different ways people prefer to learn such as visual, auditory, tactile, analytic, and global.

Temporary storage of information used for cognitive operations, such as reasoning and problem-solving. Short-term store.

A set of principles that guide ethical decision-making in healthcare, emphasizing respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

The patient's right to make informed decisions about their own healthcare, even if those decisions differ from the clinician's recommendations.

The ethical principle of acting in the best interests of the patient, weighing potential benefits against risks and burdens.

The ethical principle of avoiding harm to the patient, including both physical and psychological harm.

The fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources to all members of society, regardless of factors such as socioeconomic status or other characteristics.

The use of multiple theories to understand a phenomenon, recognizing that no single theory can fully explain complex situations.

A problem-solving approach to clinical decision-making that integrates the best available evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patient values.

EBP emphasizes the use of data-based studies and research evidence over expert opinions to guide clinical decisions and education.

Ethics is the systematic study of right and wrong, aiming to find objective justifications for how we should treat others. Morality, on the other hand, refers to cultural beliefs and values about what is right and wrong. It often reflects societal customs and may contain biases.

Virtue ethics, as proposed by Aristotle, emphasizes developing a virtuous character through fulfilling one's potential. It involves cultivating rational abilities, controlling emotions with wisdom, and acting with knowledge and good judgment.

A key principle in modern ethical theories, the categorical imperative states that we should only act according to rules that we would universally want everyone to follow. This emphasizes treating others with respect and never as mere means to our own ends.

Deontology, based on the work of Kant, focuses on duty-based ethics. It emphasizes absolute and non-negotiable moral laws, regardless of consequences. These laws are considered universal guiding principles.

Egalitarianism, as proposed by Rawls, emphasizes treating everyone equally. It suggests a neutral approach to decision-making by imagining a 'veil of ignorance' where we don't know our own position or advantages.

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness and well-being by choosing actions that produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people. It weighs consequences and aims to minimize pain and suffering.

Some ethical theories are knowledge-dependent, relying on experience and evidence from social sciences. Others are knowledge-independent, based on principles of reason and logic, independent of experience.

Casuistry is a method of ethical reasoning based on analogy. It analyzes new cases by comparing them to past, well-established cases with similar features.

Defining nursing universally is complex due to global practice variations and the emphasis on personalized patient care.

Nursing is a profession because it has a recognized status, specialized knowledge, control over training, and accountability to the public.

A profession has a defined knowledge base, authority over training, credentialing, altruistic service, a code of ethics, formal education, long-term socialization, and autonomy.

A guiding set of beliefs that informs nursing practice and knowledge development. Reflects a philosophy of care.

Nursing art involves creativity, intuition, and personalized care, while nursing science applies evidence, best practices, and theories to care.

Nursing constantly evolves through critical reflection and scientific evidence, shaping its methods and knowledge base.

Nursing provides valuable services to society, improving the well-being of individuals and communities.

A middle-range theory that describes the stages of skill development for nurses, from novice to expert, focusing on the gradual accumulation of experience and knowledge.

A middle-range theory that examines the process of transition in individuals and groups, including the nature of transitions, patterns, and interventions.

Practice theories provide a framework for applying theoretical concepts to real-world nursing practice, bridging the gap between academic knowledge and practical application.

The steps involved in developing and refining theories include analyzing concepts, constructing relationships, testing relationships, and validating relationships.

Theories produce two key outputs: concepts, which are the building blocks of a theory, and relationships, which explain how these concepts interact.

Relationships between concepts can be described as descriptive, predictive, explanatory, or prescriptive, revealing how these concepts influence each other.

Theories provide nurses with a foundation for making informed and independent decisions, promoting professional autonomy and critical thinking in practice.

Becoming a skilled clinician requires a mix of real-world experience, reading scientific articles, applying theoretical knowledge, and receiving guidance from experienced mentors.

Patients have the right to participate in decisions about their health, choosing treatments and interventions that align with their personal values and priorities.

This philosophy emphasizes building strong partnerships between healthcare providers and patients, promoting open communication, shared decision-making, and self-awareness.

While best practice guidelines provide valuable information, their implementation needs adaptation to each patient's individual needs, clinical context, and organizational resources.

Nursing theory is constantly evolving, with ongoing needs for developing middle range theories, rigorous testing and refinement, and a strong connection between theory, practice, and research.

A set of ideas that explain how nursing works and helps nurses understand and improve patient care.

Theories help nurses make better, safer decisions, base their practice on evidence, and justify their actions.

The disconnect between the theories learned in school and the practical realities of nursing.

Nurses must consider the goal, context, and specific situation when selecting a theory to guide practice.

Nurses need to consider WHO (recipient), WHERE (location), WHAT (problem), HOW (implementation), WHEN (timing), and the THEORY'S purpose.

Theories used to guide organizational design, leadership, and quality improvement initiatives in healthcare settings.

Theories that guide the development and delivery of nursing curriculum, focusing on the core concepts of the profession.

Theories are vital for guiding research questions, analyzing findings, and informing best practices in nursing.

A broad, abstract idea that's hard to measure directly. It represents a big picture concept or a general aspect of reality.

A specific concept made up of smaller, more concrete ideas. It's measurable and testable when broken down into its parts.

The smallest building block of a theory. It's a well-defined idea that can be observed and measured.

A proposed explanation that describes the relationship between concepts. It's a statement that can be supported or refuted through research.

A set of guidelines that outlines the steps for studying a particular phenomenon. It's like a roadmap for your research.

A representation of a theory or concept. It helps to visualize and explain complex relationships.

Recurring patterns of energy exchange in relationships. These patterns, consistent over time, are often characteristic of an individual's life.

The way we perceive ourselves based on our interpersonal experiences, including feelings, attitudes, values, and beliefs. These are shaped by how we fulfill our needs and manage anxiety in relationships.

Explains personality as learned behavior that can be altered. It focuses on how thinking and behavior are interconnected and emphasizes thought patterns and processes that influence actions. The theory highlights the malleability of thoughts and behaviors.

This theory proposes that behaviors are learned through reinforcement. When a behavior is followed by a reward, it is more likely to be repeated. Conversely, unpleasant stimuli can be used to decrease unwanted behaviors. Consistency is key.

Based on the idea that thoughts can be distorted or inaccurate representations of reality. These distorted interpretations, often rooted in the unconscious mind, can lead to repeated errors in perception and automatic thinking. Cognitive restructuring aims to address these distortions.

This theory posits that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected and can be either rational or irrational. Repeated irrational thinking leads to maladaptive behaviors, potentially causing issues like paranoia or self-blame.

Focus on the person's capacity for self-actualization, emphasizing the inherent ability within each individual to achieve growth and well-being. Humanistic theories value self-determination and individual potential.

Maslow's concept proposes a hierarchy of psychological needs, starting with basic needs like physiological security, and progressing to higher needs like love, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Lower needs must be met before moving to higher ones.