Visceral vs
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following drugs inhibits the reuptake of both norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA)?

  • Ketamine
  • THC
  • Bupropion (Zyban) (correct)
  • Xylazine
  • Which receptor does THC act as a partial agonist at?

  • kappa receptor
  • Alpha-2
  • CB1R (correct)
  • nAChR
  • Which of the following drugs is an NMDA antagonist?

  • Xylazine
  • Ketamine and PCP (correct)
  • Bupropion (Zyban)
  • THC
  • Which receptor does nicotine selectively agonize?

    <p>nAChR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tolerance?

    <p>Build tolerance to hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major structure of hallucinogens?

    <p>Phenylalkylamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is characterized by deep, aching, and poorly localized sensations?

    <p>Visceral pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maximum daily intake of acetaminophen to avoid hepatotoxicity?

    <p>4 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a long-term benefit of quitting smoking?

    <p>Decreased lung cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is induced when actively smoking and can affect drug metabolism?

    <p>CYP1A2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is important to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome during alcohol withdrawal treatment?

    <p>Thiamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication used for alcohol dependence can cause diarrhea as a common side effect?

    <p>Acamprosate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosing of Disulfiram (Antabuse) for alcohol dependence?

    <p>666mg three times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has a ceiling effect on respiratory depression and for analgesia?

    <p>Buprenorphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be used with caution when transferring from a pure agonist to it due to the risk of precipitated withdrawal?

    <p>Buprenorphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is no longer used due to the risk of accumulation of the active metabolite, normaperedine, which can cause seizures in patients with impaired renal function?

    <p>Meperidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is used in fibromyalgia, and if contraindicated, Duloxetine can be used as an alternative?

    <p>TCAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class should be avoided in older adults, patients with glaucoma, enlarged prostate, and seizure disorder due to their anticholinergic effects?

    <p>Anticholinergic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting to another opioid, what adjustment should be made to the dose to account for incomplete tolerance?

    <p>Decrease the dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid has a long half-life and is lipophilic, making it dangerous at initiation due to the potential accumulation and risk of respiratory depression?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to control breakthrough pain, and at what dose relative to the daily dose?

    <p>Immediate-release formulations at 10-15% of daily dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class should not be used together with benzodiazepines due to the risk of respiratory depression?

    <p>Opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During absorption, alcohol concentration in the brain is greater than alcohol concentration in the blood.

    <p>Alcohol concentration in the brain is higher than alcohol concentration in the blood during absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peak brain alcohol concentration is achieved at 15 minutes. Peak blood alcohol concentration is achieved at 75 minutes.

    <p>Peak brain alcohol concentration is achieved at 75 minutes. Peak blood alcohol concentration is achieved at 15 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) have considerable polymorphisms.

    <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) have polymorphisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variant ADH1B*2 increases vmax, resulting in faster conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.

    <p>The variant ADH1B*2 decreases vmax, resulting in slower conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ALDH2*2 is a variant that increases acetaldehyde.

    <p>ALDH2*2 is a variant that increases acetaldehyde.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having both ADH1B2 and ALDH22 variants would cause a person to feel effects of alcohol much faster.

    <p>Having both ADH1B<em>2 and ALDH2</em>2 variants would cause a person to feel effects of alcohol much faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disulfiram (Antabuse) inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, evoking unpleasant acetaldehyde syndrome when drinking.

    <p>Disulfiram (Antabuse) inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During absorption, alcohol concentration in the brain is greater than alcohol concentration in the blood.

    <p>Alcohol is absorbed faster in the brain than in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During elimination, alcohol concentrations in blood are higher than alcohol concentrations in the brain.

    <p>Alcohol is eliminated faster from the blood than from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood alcohol does not exactly reflect psychomotor impairment.

    <p>Blood alcohol is only partially indicative of psychomotor impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variant ADH1B*2 increases vmax which means faster conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.

    <p>Speeds up the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ALDH2*2 is a variant that increases acetaldehyde.

    <p>Increases acetaldehyde levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having both the ADH1B2 and ALDH22 variants would cause the person to feel effects much faster.

    <p>Speeds up the effects of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a weak NMDA receptor antagonist and GABAA agonist?

    <p>Acamprosate (Compral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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