Untitled Quiz

Chapter 1: Introduction to Philosophy

• Philosophy is the love of wisdom (Philo + Sophia)
• Philosophy is about gaining insights into big questions in life
• Philosophy is a systematic and logical assessment of life
• Philosophy is a method of studying matters related to the concept of determining truth
• Philosophy is research into the science, and how to obtain knowledge and wisdom about the universe and man
• Philosophy has evolved over the past 2500 years

Working Definition of Philosophy

• Philosophy describes the universe/existence
• How knowledge of the universe/existence is obtained and studied (epistemology)
• How the science is revealed, argued and conveyed regularly and in accordance (logical)
• What is the essence, the fact and the substance and how the situation exists (metaphysics)
• What are the benefits and functions of what is there and may be there (axiology/value theory)

Definition of Philosophy by Famous Islamic Figures

• Philosophy is the knowledge of the universe that exists
• Aimed to delve into its true essence
• To think deeply, systematically, radically and universally in the framework of the search for truth
• Philosophy as research on nature views it as a way to discover the Creator

Scope of Philosophy

• Philosophy researches everything in detail and in depth about the cause of an event
• The focus of philosophy is divinity, the universe, and man
• The nature of the universe (general and elements of beings)
• God's nature (man's relationship with God)
• The position of man in the Universe
• Man and country
• Man and education (natural science, epistemology)
• The concepts of evil and good (moral, morals, manners and etiquette)
• Fate and ikhtiar (qada' and qadar)
• Spirit/life and death
• Mind and matter
• Ideas and thoughts

Areas of Study of Philosophy

• Philosophy describes three things about the universe/existence
• How knowledge of the universe/existence is obtained and studied (source of knowledge & theory of truth / epistemology)
• How the science is revealed, argued and conveyed regularly and in accordance (logical)
• What is the essence, the fact and the substance and how the situation exists for what is and may be there (Fact of Existence/ metaphysics)
• What are the benefits, uses and functions of what is there and may be there it (axiology / value theory)

Features of Thinking Philosophically

• Think radically (in depth to its grassroots or its origins and the fact)
• Think universally (according to human experience in general)
• Thinking integrally (fully integrate the parts of each)

The Importance of Philosophy

• Philosophy is one of the most important disciplines
• Masters build clear objectives and goals in life
• Guides the mind to think in the right, clear way and know which direction to take in life
• To think and research everything in nature
• To explore new areas of knowledge that are still unknown

Philosophical Understanding in Greek Era

• Socrates: Philosophy is the study of nature to know oneself. To be a true human, a man and a woman must control their lives and confidence in testing their capabilities.
• Plato: Philosophy is the study of what is true, good, beautiful, and knowledge of everything available

Philosophical Understanding in the 20th Century

• Peirce: The basis of philosophy is mantic (insinuation)
• Wundt: The basis of philosophy is insinuation
• Windelbard: Philosophy is related to knowledge of values, ethics and estate.
• Lipps: Philosophy as the science of internal experience. Basis of psychology
• Creighton: Philosophy is the history of thought, and humanities/spirituality
• Jasper: Philosophy is the 'orientation of nature', a field that shows the limitations of science

Philosophical Understanding in the Postmodernism Era

• A trend that rejects claims to the truth of metaphysical thinking, it attacks rationality
• Eliminates the difference between truth and falsehood, and replaces ideas with newer ideas
• Criticism of the truth and the existence of God

National Education Philosophy (NEP)

• Education in Malaysia is a continuous effort to develop individuals in a holistic and integrated matter (intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and physical)
• Develop competent, knowledgeable citizens capable of contributing to the prosperity of the family, society, and nation

Basic Focus in the National Education Philosophy (FPK)

• FPK aims to foster a balanced and harmonious human being through the integration of knowledge and education
• Cohesion and harmonious balance refers to the four main aspects: physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual (“JERI”)

Components of the National Education Philosophy

• JASMANI (Physical)
• EMOSI (Emotion)
• ROHANI (Spiritual)
• INTELEK (Intellectual)

National Education Philosophy (5 wisdom)

• Aims to expand the individual's potential, create a balanced and harmonious human being intellectually and spiritually
• Produce knowledgeable, skillful Malaysians with noble character, responsibility, and ability

FPK Goals

• Believe and obey God
• Noble Morals
• Knowledge
• Unity in multi-racial community
• Self, society, religion, and country
• Balanced and unified personality

History of the Formation of Rukun Negara

• Formed by Malaysian leadership to overcome differences in the multi-racial society
• General in nature, does not reveal a race's property
• Respects laws/cultures of various religions
• Builds a wider circle for behavior regulation, control, and instruction

Rukun Negara is divided into parts

• First Part: Outlines the objectives of Malaysian society (unity, democracy, prosperity)
• Second Part: Outlines the five principles (Belief in God, Loyalty to the King and Country, Consitution, Sovereignty, Courtesy and Decency)

Objectives of Rukun Negara Appreciation Campaign

• Produce a united/patriotic Malaysian society, united in practicing Rukun Negara
• Provide continuous/important exposure of Rukun Negara
• Enhance understanding/appreciation of Rukun Negara's principles

Belief in God

• Religion is important to Malaysians, its absence can negatively impact personality and nation
• A strong belief in religion prevents crimes
• Federal Constitution, Islam is the official religion, peaceful practice of other beliefs

Loyalty to the King and Country

• Malaysia practices Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy (Yang di-Pertuan Agong)
• His Majesty (the Rulers), a symbol of unity for the people
• Loyalty (to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong) without compromising allegiance in any other area

Supremacy of the Constitution

• Demands acceptance, obedience, and defense of the National Constitution
• The constitution provides protection to every citizen
• Citizens respect, appreciate, and understand the meaning and history of the constitution

The Rule of Law

• Justice is founded on the rule of law, every citizen is equal under the law
• Laws based on the Constitution
• Community and statehood are safe and stable with the rule of law

Mutual Respect and Good Social Behaviour

• Aims to form polite/courteous citizens
• Maintaining polite behavior between people in a multi-racial society
• Preserves and develops social behavior and national values
• Controls efforts to manipulate unity/racial issues

The Spirit of Rukun Negara

• Relevance of Rukun Negara in facing present/future challenges (domestically/internationally)
• United, strong, and competent Malaysians to face challenges
• Inculcates the spirit of statehood and patriotism

Falasfah Sejahtera

• Combination of NEP and Rukun Negara
• Malaysia's goal of developing individuals holistically and harmoniously in terms of intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical aspects
• Based on a firm belief in and devotion to God

FPK – the essence of FPK linking Manners

• Linking manners/ morals/budi and well-being
• Manners of speaking, communication, combined with heart and conversation
• Sejahtera refers to living a sustainable/improving style through programmes
• Improving human behavior and attitudes

Sejahtera

• Network of courtesy, courtesy, and discretion strengthens understanding
• Important foundation for the fostering of quality and prosperous education
• Achieves a desirable community well-being journey

Conclusion

• Philosophy is important knowledge for all walks of life, directing vision and goal setting
• Country's progress is based on knowledge, which comes from many sources (including media)
• Learning philosophy is expected to change individual thinking
• Individuals are trained to understand diverse and topical issues and prepare for potential future colonization

References

• (Includes list of referenced authors, publications, and dates)