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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of philosophical knowledge?
What is a key characteristic of philosophical knowledge?
What is the purpose of the Malaysian National Education Philosophy (NEP)?
What is the purpose of the Malaysian National Education Philosophy (NEP)?
How does the Rukun Negara relate to the NEP?
How does the Rukun Negara relate to the NEP?
Which statement about the nature of philosophy is accurate?
Which statement about the nature of philosophy is accurate?
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What does the working definition of philosophy emphasize?
What does the working definition of philosophy emphasize?
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What is the main goal of the National Education Philosophy in Malaysia?
What is the main goal of the National Education Philosophy in Malaysia?
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Which aspect is NOT one of the components of the National Education Philosophy?
Which aspect is NOT one of the components of the National Education Philosophy?
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What does 'Rukun Negara' primarily seek to address in Malaysian society?
What does 'Rukun Negara' primarily seek to address in Malaysian society?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a goal of the National Education Philosophy?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a goal of the National Education Philosophy?
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Which element does 'JASMANI' refer to in the components of the National Education Philosophy?
Which element does 'JASMANI' refer to in the components of the National Education Philosophy?
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What system does Malaysia practice?
What system does Malaysia practice?
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Who serves as the Head of State in Malaysia?
Who serves as the Head of State in Malaysia?
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What is required of every Malaysian citizen in regards to the Constitution?
What is required of every Malaysian citizen in regards to the Constitution?
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The principle of Supremacy of the Constitution is important because it ensures what?
The principle of Supremacy of the Constitution is important because it ensures what?
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What does the Rule of Law ensure for citizens?
What does the Rule of Law ensure for citizens?
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Which statement best reflects Malaysian citizens' allegiance?
Which statement best reflects Malaysian citizens' allegiance?
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What does ‘keluhuran Perlembagaan Negara’ imply in Malaysia?
What does ‘keluhuran Perlembagaan Negara’ imply in Malaysia?
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Who is the author of 'Logic: a very short introduction'?
Who is the author of 'Logic: a very short introduction'?
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How does the Constitution function in Malaysian society?
How does the Constitution function in Malaysian society?
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Which publisher released 'Nurturing a Balanced Person'?
Which publisher released 'Nurturing a Balanced Person'?
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In which year was 'Pendidikan Moral: Teori Etika Dan Amalan Moral' published?
In which year was 'Pendidikan Moral: Teori Etika Dan Amalan Moral' published?
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Which work was translated and adapted by Wong Fook Khoon?
Which work was translated and adapted by Wong Fook Khoon?
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What is the primary focus of 'Falsafah Dan Isu Semasa'?
What is the primary focus of 'Falsafah Dan Isu Semasa'?
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What is a potential consequence of lacking stable emotions?
What is a potential consequence of lacking stable emotions?
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What does the term 'Sejahtera' primarily refer to?
What does the term 'Sejahtera' primarily refer to?
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Which element is NOT associated with Falsafah Sejahtera?
Which element is NOT associated with Falsafah Sejahtera?
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How does National Education aim to contribute to Rukun Negara?
How does National Education aim to contribute to Rukun Negara?
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What is the goal of learning Philosophy according to the content?
What is the goal of learning Philosophy according to the content?
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Which aspect is emphasized as a means to achieve universal well-being?
Which aspect is emphasized as a means to achieve universal well-being?
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What transformation is expected from individuals regarding information?
What transformation is expected from individuals regarding information?
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What does the phrase 'moral education' imply within the context given?
What does the phrase 'moral education' imply within the context given?
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What is the primary aim of the principle of mutual respect and good social behaviour?
What is the primary aim of the principle of mutual respect and good social behaviour?
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Which aspect is NOT part of the Physical, Emotional, Spiritual, and Intellectual (JERI) framework?
Which aspect is NOT part of the Physical, Emotional, Spiritual, and Intellectual (JERI) framework?
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What is the significance of the Rukun Negara principles for the younger generation?
What is the significance of the Rukun Negara principles for the younger generation?
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Which of the following best describes the essence of Falsafah Sejahtera?
Which of the following best describes the essence of Falsafah Sejahtera?
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What role does the independent judicial institution play in the country?
What role does the independent judicial institution play in the country?
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What is a potential consequence of lacking in one of the JERI aspects?
What is a potential consequence of lacking in one of the JERI aspects?
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What helps to preserve the sovereignty of law in the country?
What helps to preserve the sovereignty of law in the country?
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What does the term 'good social behaviour' encompass in the context provided?
What does the term 'good social behaviour' encompass in the context provided?
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction to Philosophy
- Philosophy is the love of wisdom (Philo + Sophia)
- Philosophy is about gaining insights into big questions in life
- Philosophy is a systematic and logical assessment of life
- Philosophy is a method of studying matters related to the concept of determining truth
- Philosophy is research into the science, and how to obtain knowledge and wisdom about the universe and man
- Philosophy has evolved over the past 2500 years
Working Definition of Philosophy
- Philosophy describes the universe/existence
- How knowledge of the universe/existence is obtained and studied (epistemology)
- How the science is revealed, argued and conveyed regularly and in accordance (logical)
- What is the essence, the fact and the substance and how the situation exists (metaphysics)
- What are the benefits and functions of what is there and may be there (axiology/value theory)
Definition of Philosophy by Famous Islamic Figures
- Philosophy is the knowledge of the universe that exists
- Aimed to delve into its true essence
- To think deeply, systematically, radically and universally in the framework of the search for truth
- Philosophy as research on nature views it as a way to discover the Creator
Scope of Philosophy
- Philosophy researches everything in detail and in depth about the cause of an event
- The focus of philosophy is divinity, the universe, and man
- The nature of the universe (general and elements of beings)
- God's nature (man's relationship with God)
- The position of man in the Universe
- Man and country
- Man and education (natural science, epistemology)
- The concepts of evil and good (moral, morals, manners and etiquette)
- Fate and ikhtiar (qada' and qadar)
- Spirit/life and death
- Mind and matter
- Ideas and thoughts
Areas of Study of Philosophy
- Philosophy describes three things about the universe/existence
- How knowledge of the universe/existence is obtained and studied (source of knowledge & theory of truth / epistemology)
- How the science is revealed, argued and conveyed regularly and in accordance (logical)
- What is the essence, the fact and the substance and how the situation exists for what is and may be there (Fact of Existence/ metaphysics)
- What are the benefits, uses and functions of what is there and may be there it (axiology / value theory)
Features of Thinking Philosophically
- Think radically (in depth to its grassroots or its origins and the fact)
- Think universally (according to human experience in general)
- Thinking integrally (fully integrate the parts of each)
The Importance of Philosophy
- Philosophy is one of the most important disciplines
- Masters build clear objectives and goals in life
- Guides the mind to think in the right, clear way and know which direction to take in life
- To think and research everything in nature
- To explore new areas of knowledge that are still unknown
Philosophical Understanding in Greek Era
- Socrates: Philosophy is the study of nature to know oneself. To be a true human, a man and a woman must control their lives and confidence in testing their capabilities.
- Plato: Philosophy is the study of what is true, good, beautiful, and knowledge of everything available
Philosophical Understanding in the 20th Century
- Peirce: The basis of philosophy is mantic (insinuation)
- Wundt: The basis of philosophy is insinuation
- Windelbard: Philosophy is related to knowledge of values, ethics and estate.
- Lipps: Philosophy as the science of internal experience. Basis of psychology
- Creighton: Philosophy is the history of thought, and humanities/spirituality
- Jasper: Philosophy is the 'orientation of nature', a field that shows the limitations of science
Philosophical Understanding in the Postmodernism Era
- A trend that rejects claims to the truth of metaphysical thinking, it attacks rationality
- Eliminates the difference between truth and falsehood, and replaces ideas with newer ideas
- Criticism of the truth and the existence of God
National Education Philosophy (NEP)
- Education in Malaysia is a continuous effort to develop individuals in a holistic and integrated matter (intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and physical)
- Develop competent, knowledgeable citizens capable of contributing to the prosperity of the family, society, and nation
Basic Focus in the National Education Philosophy (FPK)
- FPK aims to foster a balanced and harmonious human being through the integration of knowledge and education
- Cohesion and harmonious balance refers to the four main aspects: physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual (“JERI”)
Components of the National Education Philosophy
- JASMANI (Physical)
- EMOSI (Emotion)
- ROHANI (Spiritual)
- INTELEK (Intellectual)
National Education Philosophy (5 wisdom)
- Aims to expand the individual's potential, create a balanced and harmonious human being intellectually and spiritually
- Produce knowledgeable, skillful Malaysians with noble character, responsibility, and ability
FPK Goals
- Believe and obey God
- Noble Morals
- Knowledge
- Unity in multi-racial community
- Self, society, religion, and country
- Balanced and unified personality
History of the Formation of Rukun Negara
- Formed by Malaysian leadership to overcome differences in the multi-racial society
- General in nature, does not reveal a race's property
- Respects laws/cultures of various religions
- Builds a wider circle for behavior regulation, control, and instruction
Rukun Negara is divided into parts
- First Part: Outlines the objectives of Malaysian society (unity, democracy, prosperity)
- Second Part: Outlines the five principles (Belief in God, Loyalty to the King and Country, Consitution, Sovereignty, Courtesy and Decency)
Objectives of Rukun Negara Appreciation Campaign
- Produce a united/patriotic Malaysian society, united in practicing Rukun Negara
- Provide continuous/important exposure of Rukun Negara
- Enhance understanding/appreciation of Rukun Negara's principles
Belief in God
- Religion is important to Malaysians, its absence can negatively impact personality and nation
- A strong belief in religion prevents crimes
- Federal Constitution, Islam is the official religion, peaceful practice of other beliefs
Loyalty to the King and Country
- Malaysia practices Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy (Yang di-Pertuan Agong)
- His Majesty (the Rulers), a symbol of unity for the people
- Loyalty (to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong) without compromising allegiance in any other area
Supremacy of the Constitution
- Demands acceptance, obedience, and defense of the National Constitution
- The constitution provides protection to every citizen
- Citizens respect, appreciate, and understand the meaning and history of the constitution
The Rule of Law
- Justice is founded on the rule of law, every citizen is equal under the law
- Laws based on the Constitution
- Community and statehood are safe and stable with the rule of law
Mutual Respect and Good Social Behaviour
- Aims to form polite/courteous citizens
- Maintaining polite behavior between people in a multi-racial society
- Preserves and develops social behavior and national values
- Controls efforts to manipulate unity/racial issues
The Spirit of Rukun Negara
- Relevance of Rukun Negara in facing present/future challenges (domestically/internationally)
- United, strong, and competent Malaysians to face challenges
- Inculcates the spirit of statehood and patriotism
Falasfah Sejahtera
- Combination of NEP and Rukun Negara
- Malaysia's goal of developing individuals holistically and harmoniously in terms of intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical aspects
- Based on a firm belief in and devotion to God
FPK – the essence of FPK linking Manners
- Linking manners/ morals/budi and well-being
- Manners of speaking, communication, combined with heart and conversation
- Sejahtera refers to living a sustainable/improving style through programmes
- Improving human behavior and attitudes
Sejahtera
- Network of courtesy, courtesy, and discretion strengthens understanding
- Important foundation for the fostering of quality and prosperous education
- Achieves a desirable community well-being journey
Conclusion
- Philosophy is important knowledge for all walks of life, directing vision and goal setting
- Country's progress is based on knowledge, which comes from many sources (including media)
- Learning philosophy is expected to change individual thinking
- Individuals are trained to understand diverse and topical issues and prepare for potential future colonization
References
- (Includes list of referenced authors, publications, and dates)
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