WEEK 10: STUDY GUIDE

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Questions and Answers

When visual information is processed in the brain it moves from lower to higher brain areas in a specific order. Which of the following statements best describes the importance of this order?

  • It is important for interpreting basic shapes and colours, but not for specific detailed recognition
  • It is important for quick recognition of objects
  • It ensures that predictions about visual information are checked and refined, to better help the focus on fine details (correct)
  • None of these are true

Which of the following correctly describes the process of synaptic transmission?

  • Calcium ions are released from the postsynaptic neuron to stimulate neurotransmitter release.
  • Neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.
  • Action potentials are directly transferred across the synaptic cleft from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic neuron.
  • Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles in the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. (correct)

What’s the key advantage of TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) over other neuroimaging techniques?

  • High resolution for detecting deep brain activity
  • Ability to measure metabolic changes in the brain
  • Ability to temporarily disrupt or enhance activity in specific brain regions (correct)
  • Strong correlation between neural activity and conscious experience

In the context of frequency coding in the nervous system, how is the intensity of a stimulus encoded?

<p>by the frequency of action potentials fired by a single neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about columnar organization in the visual cortex is correct?

<p>Orientation columns contain neurons that respond preferentially to specific line orientations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the history of neuroscience research is incorrect?

<p>Hippocrates believed that mental imbalance was solely caused by the inability of blood in the brain to cool down properly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alex has a brain injury that makes him have difficulty perceiving what temperature the water is when he washes his hands. Which lobe is he most likely to have received his injury at?

<p>Parietal lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of fMRI over standard MRI in brain function studies?

<p>fMRI directly record electrical activity in brain while MRI does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mike has Wernicke's aphasia, which of the following statements would be TRUE about Mike's language abilities?

<p>Mike is unable to comprehend the speech of others and is only able to string together incomprehensible sentences akin to word salad. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specificity coding is one firing pattern coding for neural representations where...

<p>In a set of 10 neurons, one particular neuron fires strongly to activate visual representation of a specific stimulus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you look at a face, it has been experimentally found that many areas of the brain activate to process the image, from the following options which one closely explain this phenomenon?

<p>Hierarchical Processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sam was cooking when he suddenly lost consciousness and collapsed. After the incident, his short-term memory began to decline, and he sometimes slurred his speech. Although he was able to understand what others were saying correctly, he began to have trouble communicating with them. Sam realizes the seriousness of the situation and decides to go to the hospital for a brain scan. As Sam lay in the hospital bed, he watched as the doctor injected something into his bloodstream and took an image of his brain. What part of Sam's brain was affected, and what brain imaging was used in this situation?

<p>Broca’s area/ PET (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fusiform face area is a region in the brain located in the fusiform gyrus, damage to the area causes ____ because it is responsive to ____.

<p>Prosopagnosia, faces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did we learn from the case of Phineas Gage where a bar was driven through his eye?

<p>His change in personality showed localization of executive function in the frontal lobes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Colin Blakemore and Graham Cooper's experiment on experience-dependent plasticity, in which cats were raised in an environment with only horizontal lines, which of the following statements did they find to be true?

<p>The study provided evidence against the role of experience-dependent plasticity in visual development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about neural networks are TRUE principles?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ramon y Cajal's research resulted in the abandonment of the ____ in favour of the ____, which states that individual cells called neurons transmit signals in the nervous system.

<p>Neural net theory; Neuron doctrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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