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Questions and Answers
Why are the terms poikilothermy and homeothermy no longer considered appropriate in describing animal temperature regulation?
Why are the terms poikilothermy and homeothermy no longer considered appropriate in describing animal temperature regulation?
They are not applicable to groups of animals and do not accurately describe the variability of body temperature.
What is the key difference between ectotherms and endotherms in thermoregulation?
What is the key difference between ectotherms and endotherms in thermoregulation?
The source of heat used to maintain body temperature, with ectotherms relying on external sources and endotherms relying on metabolic production.
Provide an example of how a homeotherm can experience more variation in body temperature than a poikilotherm?
Provide an example of how a homeotherm can experience more variation in body temperature than a poikilotherm?
Some mammals allow their body temperatures to drop 20°C or more from their normal levels at night and in the winter, while many fishes live in water that changes temperature less than 2°C in an entire year.
What is the meaning of the Greek prefix 'ecto' in the term ectotherm?
What is the meaning of the Greek prefix 'ecto' in the term ectotherm?
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How do ectotherms primarily gain heat to maintain their body temperature?
How do ectotherms primarily gain heat to maintain their body temperature?
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What is the primary source of heat used by endotherms to maintain their body temperature?
What is the primary source of heat used by endotherms to maintain their body temperature?
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What is the Q10 value of the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase from a lungfish between 35°C and 40°C?
What is the Q10 value of the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase from a lungfish between 35°C and 40°C?
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How do roadrunners use solar energy to regulate their body temperature?
How do roadrunners use solar energy to regulate their body temperature?
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How much energy can a roadrunner save per hour by using solar energy to raise its body temperature?
How much energy can a roadrunner save per hour by using solar energy to raise its body temperature?
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How do female pythons regulate the temperature of their eggs?
How do female pythons regulate the temperature of their eggs?
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How does the metabolic rate of a female python change when she is brooding her eggs?
How does the metabolic rate of a female python change when she is brooding her eggs?
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What is the importance of studying the actual mechanisms used to regulate body temperature in vertebrates?
What is the importance of studying the actual mechanisms used to regulate body temperature in vertebrates?
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What is the term for excreting nitrogenous wastes primarily as ammonia?
What is the term for excreting nitrogenous wastes primarily as ammonia?
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What type of nitrogenous waste excretion is characteristic of mammals?
What type of nitrogenous waste excretion is characteristic of mammals?
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What is the percentage of urea in human nitrogenous waste?
What is the percentage of urea in human nitrogenous waste?
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What is the advantage of excreting urea over ammonia?
What is the advantage of excreting urea over ammonia?
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How do bony fishes primarily excrete nitrogenous waste?
How do bony fishes primarily excrete nitrogenous waste?
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What is the term for excreting nitrogenous wastes primarily as uric acid?
What is the term for excreting nitrogenous wastes primarily as uric acid?
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What is regional heterothermy, and what is a remarkable example of it in some fishes?
What is regional heterothermy, and what is a remarkable example of it in some fishes?
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What is the main challenge a fish faces when trying to raise its body temperature, and how does it overcome this challenge?
What is the main challenge a fish faces when trying to raise its body temperature, and how does it overcome this challenge?
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What is the function of the retia mirabilia in some shark species, and what is the result of this adaptation?
What is the function of the retia mirabilia in some shark species, and what is the result of this adaptation?
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What group of teleosts has evolved endothermal heat production, and what are some examples of fishes in this group?
What group of teleosts has evolved endothermal heat production, and what are some examples of fishes in this group?
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How do fish like sharks and scombroids maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding water?
How do fish like sharks and scombroids maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding water?
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What is the significance of countercurrent blood flow in retia mirabilia for heat retention in fish?
What is the significance of countercurrent blood flow in retia mirabilia for heat retention in fish?
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What is the purpose of the countercurrent system in some aquatic animals?
What is the purpose of the countercurrent system in some aquatic animals?
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How do mammals, as endotherms, generate heat to warm their bodies?
How do mammals, as endotherms, generate heat to warm their bodies?
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What is the function of the furry body covering (pelage) in terrestrial mammals?
What is the function of the furry body covering (pelage) in terrestrial mammals?
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Why is the furry body covering less effective in water?
Why is the furry body covering less effective in water?
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What is the temperature of the core muscle in bluefin tuna, according to Figure 4-14?
What is the temperature of the core muscle in bluefin tuna, according to Figure 4-14?
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What is the formula for estimating the muscle temperature (Tmuscle) of bluefin tuna, based on the water temperature (Tw)?
What is the formula for estimating the muscle temperature (Tmuscle) of bluefin tuna, based on the water temperature (Tw)?
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The rates of most chemical reactions increase or decrease when the ______ changes.
The rates of most chemical reactions increase or decrease when the ______ changes.
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Reptiles, including birds, are primarily ______, but here again all three of the major nitrogenous compounds are present.
Reptiles, including birds, are primarily ______, but here again all three of the major nitrogenous compounds are present.
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The ratio of the rate at one temperature and the rate at a temperature 10°C higher is called ______.
The ratio of the rate at one temperature and the rate at a temperature 10°C higher is called ______.
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The pathway for synthesis of ______ acid is complex and requires more energy than synthesis of urea.
The pathway for synthesis of ______ acid is complex and requires more energy than synthesis of urea.
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The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of an organism is the minimum rate of ______ consumption needed to sustain life.
The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of an organism is the minimum rate of ______ consumption needed to sustain life.
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The SMR does not include the costs of activities like ______ or growth.
The SMR does not include the costs of activities like ______ or growth.
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The advantage of ______ acid lies in its low solubility: it precipitates from the urine and is excreted as a semisolid paste.
The advantage of ______ acid lies in its low solubility: it precipitates from the urine and is excreted as a semisolid paste.
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If the SMR of a fish is 2 joules per minute at 10°C and the Q10 is 2, the fish will use 4 joules per minute at 20°C and 8 joules per minute at 30°C, which means the fish must eat a corresponding increase in ______.
If the SMR of a fish is 2 joules per minute at 10°C and the Q10 is 2, the fish will use 4 joules per minute at 20°C and 8 joules per minute at 30°C, which means the fish must eat a corresponding increase in ______.
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Some species of reptiles change the proportions of the three compounds depending on the ______ balance of the animal.
Some species of reptiles change the proportions of the three compounds depending on the ______ balance of the animal.
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Organisms have been called bags of chemicals catalyzed by ______.
Organisms have been called bags of chemicals catalyzed by ______.
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The energy cost of living is affected by changes in ______ temperature.
The energy cost of living is affected by changes in ______ temperature.
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Because temperature influences the rates at which chemical reactions proceed, temperature vitally affects the ______ processes of organisms.
Because temperature influences the rates at which chemical reactions proceed, temperature vitally affects the ______ processes of organisms.
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Terrestrial ectotherms, like lizards and ______, have activity temperatures between 30°C and 40°C.
Terrestrial ectotherms, like lizards and ______, have activity temperatures between 30°C and 40°C.
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Roadrunners are predatory birds living in the deserts of the southwestern United States and adjacent ______.
Roadrunners are predatory birds living in the deserts of the southwestern United States and adjacent ______.
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On cold nights, roadrunners allow their body temperatures to fall from the normal level of 38°C or 39°C down to ______ or lower.
On cold nights, roadrunners allow their body temperatures to fall from the normal level of 38°C or 39°C down to ______ or lower.
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The maximum swimming speed of a goldfish increases up to about ______ and then falls.
The maximum swimming speed of a goldfish increases up to about ______ and then falls.
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Spontaneous activity by a goldfish peaks at around ______ and falls as the temperature increases.
Spontaneous activity by a goldfish peaks at around ______ and falls as the temperature increases.
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Between 10°C and 20°C the rate doubles from 50 to 100, which is a Q10 of ______.
Between 10°C and 20°C the rate doubles from 50 to 100, which is a Q10 of ______.
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The rate of contraction increases as air temperature falls, and a female Indian ______ is able to maintain her eggs close to 30°C at air temperatures as low as 23°C.
The rate of contraction increases as air temperature falls, and a female Indian ______ is able to maintain her eggs close to 30°C at air temperatures as low as 23°C.
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Deviations from general patterns of temperature regulation go the other way as well.______ are normally ectothermal, but the females of several species of pythons coil around their eggs and produce heat by rhythmic contraction of their trunk muscles.
Deviations from general patterns of temperature regulation go the other way as well.______ are normally ectothermal, but the females of several species of pythons coil around their eggs and produce heat by rhythmic contraction of their trunk muscles.
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The activity of the enzyme ______ dehydrogenase from a lungfish increases slowly from 25°C to 35°C.
The activity of the enzyme ______ dehydrogenase from a lungfish increases slowly from 25°C to 35°C.
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Responses to Temperature 91 bask in the sun, raising the feathers on their backs to expose an area of black ______.
Responses to Temperature 91 bask in the sun, raising the feathers on their backs to expose an area of black ______.
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Calculations indicate that a roadrunner can save 132 joules per hour by using solar energy instead of ______ to raise its body temperature.
Calculations indicate that a roadrunner can save 132 joules per hour by using solar energy instead of ______ to raise its body temperature.
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The rate of ______ of the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase from a lungfish increases slowly from 25°C to 35°C.
The rate of ______ of the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase from a lungfish increases slowly from 25°C to 35°C.
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As an object gets larger, it has progressively less ______ area in relation to its volume.
As an object gets larger, it has progressively less ______ area in relation to its volume.
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The biological significance of the surface/volume ratio lies in the conclusion that bigger species exchange energy with the environment less rapidly than smaller species, merely because of the difference in ______ ratios.
The biological significance of the surface/volume ratio lies in the conclusion that bigger species exchange energy with the environment less rapidly than smaller species, merely because of the difference in ______ ratios.
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Simply being big gives an animal some independence of external temperature because heat cannot flow rapidly into or out of a large body through its relatively small ______.
Simply being big gives an animal some independence of external temperature because heat cannot flow rapidly into or out of a large body through its relatively small ______.
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This is a form of thermoregulation called ______.
This is a form of thermoregulation called ______.
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If an animal is large enough, its body temperature will be stable simply because it's so big; this is a form of ______.
If an animal is large enough, its body temperature will be stable simply because it's so big; this is a form of ______.
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Exchange between an animal and its environment occurs through its body ______.
Exchange between an animal and its environment occurs through its body ______.
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