Nitrogen Family and Allotropes
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Questions and Answers

Which allotrope of phosphorus is a semiconductor?

  • White phosphorus
  • Red phosphorus
  • Black phosphorus (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following statements is true about red phosphorus?

  • It is a good conductor of electricity.
  • It glows in the dark.
  • It is more reactive than white phosphorus.
  • It is soluble in carbon disulfide. (correct)

    • What is the order of decreasing reactivity of the phosphorus allotropes?

  • White phosphorus > Red phosphorus > Black phosphorus (correct)
  • White phosphorus > Black phosphorus > Red phosphorus
  • Black phosphorus > Red phosphorus > White phosphorus
  • Red phosphorus > White phosphorus > Black phosphorus

    • Which allotrope of phosphorus is most likely to be used in the production of fertilizers?

    <p>Red phosphorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula of the compound formed when white phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

    <p>P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct order of boiling points for the nitrogen family elements?

    <p>N &lt; P &lt; As &lt; Sb &lt; Bi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which allotrope of phosphorus is thermodynamically the most stable?

    <p>Black phosphorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the small increase in covalent radius from arsenic (As) to bismuth (Bi) in the nitrogen family?

    <p>The presence of completely filled <em>d</em> and/or <em>f</em> orbitals in heavier members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the physical states of the nitrogen family elements?

    <p>Nitrogen is a gas, while the rest are solids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does phosphorus satisfy its trivalency in white phosphorus?

    <p>Forming a single bond with four other phosphorus atoms in a tetrahedral structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the phosphorus compound used in the match industry?

    <p>P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of white phosphorus?

    <p>Thermodynamically most stable allotrope of phosphorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for chlorapatite?

    <p>3 Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.CaCl<sub>2</sub> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the stability of the +5 oxidation state change for elements in group 15, going down the group?

    <p>Increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oxides exhibits the strongest oxidizing properties?

    <p>Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend in acidity for the oxides of group 15 elements, specifically those in the +5 oxidation state?

    <p>Acidity decreases down the group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the tendency to form π bonds increase down the group for group 15 elements in their +5 oxidation state?

    <p>None of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend in the poisonous nature of hydrides of group 15 elements, going down the group?

    <p>Increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydride has the highest basicity among the following options?

    <p>NH<sub>3</sub> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the hydride with the lowest boiling point from the following options.

    <p>PH<sub>3</sub> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hydrides is the most volatile?

    <p>AsH<sub>3</sub> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element does not form pentahalides?

    <p>Nitrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Order the following halides in terms of stability from most to least stable.

    <p>PF<sub>3</sub>, PCl<sub>3</sub>, PBr<sub>3</sub>, PI<sub>3</sub> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydride possesses the highest reducing capability?

    <p>BiH<sub>3</sub> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following orders correctly represents the covalent character of the hydrides?

    <p>NH<sub>3</sub> &lt; PH<sub>3</sub> &lt; SbH<sub>3</sub> &lt; BiH<sub>3</sub> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nitrogen Family

    • General Properties:
      • Covalent radius increases down the group due to increasing principal quantum number
      • Ionization energy decreases down the group
      • Metallic character increases down the group
      • Density increases down the group
      • Melting point increases partially down the group, then decreases in some elements
      • Nitrogen is a diatomic gas, other elements are solids
      • Nitrogen forms triple bonds, others form single, double, and triple bonds
      • Nitrogen's small size can satisfy its trivalency by forming triple bonds, whereas other elements need to form multiple bonds to accommodate their valence electrons

    Allotropy

    • Allotropes of Phosphorus:
      • White (most reactive and lest stable)
      • Red (modestly reactive and more stable)
      • Black (least reactive and the most stable form)
      • Allotropes of the other elements were not explicitly included

    Chemical Properties

    • Oxidation States:

      • Common oxidation states are -3, +3, and +5

    • Reactions with Oxygen:

      • The elements form oxides in both +3 and +5 oxidation states
      • Oxides in the +3 oxidation state act as reducing agents
      • Oxides in +5 oxidation state act as oxidizing agents

    • Reactions with Halogen:

      • Elements in group 15 readily form trihalides
      • Pentahalides are less common, mainly for elements higher than Nitrogen (N)
      • Most of the halides are non-volatile

    • Reactions with Hydrogen:

      • Hydrides are formed and their stability decreases as you move down the group

    Stability of Different Allotropes

    • Black Phosphorus is the most stable of the Phosphorus allotropes

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    Nitrogen Family Properties (PDF)

    Description

    Explore the intriguing properties of the Nitrogen family, including their general characteristics, allotropes of phosphorus, and chemical properties. This quiz will help you understand trends such as ionization energy and oxidation states across the group. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in chemistry.

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