Nitric Acid Production and Safety Procedures

The reaction is $KNO_3 + H_2SO_4 ightarrow KHSO_4 + HNO_3$.

The temperature must remain below 200°C to prevent decomposition, which forms a hard crust that is difficult to remove.

Safety precautions include using proper safety equipment, ensuring all apparatus is made of glass, and avoiding temperatures above 200°C.

<p>Pure nitric acid is colorless, while commercial samples are yellowish due to nitrogen dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid using rubber and cork, as they can be damaged by the corrosive vapours of nitric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ammonia ($NH_3$)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), water ($H_2O$), and oxygen ($O_2$)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces brown fumes due to decomposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure complete oxidation occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitric acid is a very good oxidizing agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 HNO₃ + C → CO₂ + H₂O + 4 NO₂.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces Cu(NO₃)₂, NO₂, and H₂O, resulting in reddish-brown fumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gold and platinum do not react with nitric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction produces iron(III) sulfate and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'King of chemicals' due to its widespread use and importance in industry, and 'oil of vitriol' because of its historical preparation from green vitriol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equation is: <code>S + 6HNO₃ → H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + 2H₂O</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction is: <code>SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is produced according to the reaction: <code>S + O₂ → SO₂</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equation is: <code>FeS₂ + O₂ → Fe₂O₃ + SO₂</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfuric acid is a strong di-basic acid, meaning it can donate two protons (H+) per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfuric acid reacts with carbon to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction produces sulfur (S), water (H2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its non-volatile nature means it does not easily vaporize, making it useful in various chemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove impurities such as arsenic oxide from the gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It converts sulfur dioxide and oxygen into sulfur trioxide, which is crucial for manufacturing sulfuric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dense mist of sulfuric acid is formed due to the highly exothermic reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrosulfuric acid, also known as oleum, is formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms sulfuric acid through dilution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dehydrating agent removes chemically combined water elements. An example is the reaction <code>C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ → 12C + 11H₂O</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drying agents remove moisture without changing the chemical composition, while dehydrating agents cause a chemical change. This means drying is a physical change, and dehydration is a chemical change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A white precipitate of barium sulfate (BaSO₄) is formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfur dioxide turns the orange acidified potassium permanganate solution to colorless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CuSO₄·5H₂O acts as a dehydrating agent by releasing water, transforming into CuSO₄.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfur dioxide can donate electrons (reducing agent) and accept electrons (oxidizing agent) depending on the reaction conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The product is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nascent hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution changes from orange to green.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfur dioxide is a mild bleaching agent that does not damage delicate fibers compared to stronger oxidizers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barium sulfate (BaSO₄), which is a white precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers