Chemistry: Nitric Acid and Its Properties
45 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary observable effect when heating crystals of copper nitrate in a test tube?

  • Formation of white gas
  • Release of blue liquid
  • Evolution of brown gas (correct)
  • Production of yellow solid

Why is dilute nitric acid not considered a typical acid when reacting with metals?

  • It does not produce carbon dioxide.
  • It oxidizes the hydrogen gas evolved. (correct)
  • It reacts at a slower rate than other acids.
  • It does not contain hydrogen ions.

What change occurs to concentrated nitric acid when exposed to sunlight and heat?

  • It turns colorless and evaporates.
  • It decomposes, producing nitrogen dioxide gas. (correct)
  • It transforms into a strong base.
  • It solidifies into a crystalline form.

In laboratory preparation, why is an all-glass apparatus preferred for nitric acid?

<p>It prevents corrosion from acid fumes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the decomposition of concentrated nitric acid?

<p>4 HNO3 ⟶ O2 + 2 H2O + 2 NO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrate salt does not produce a mixture of NO2 and O2 when heated?

<p>KNO3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct result of heating sodium nitrate (NaNO3)?

<p>NaNO3 melts to form a colourless liquid and emits O2. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is used in the brown ring test?

<p>FeSO4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gases are produced by the decomposition of NaNO3 upon heating?

<p>Only O2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What remains unchanged when nitric acid is exposed to light?

<p>Nitric acid turns yellow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about constant boiling nitric acid?

<p>It contains 80% nitric acid by weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the decomposition of lead nitrate produce?

<p>NO2 and O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when CuO undergoes reduction with hydrogen?

<p>Cu and H2O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Aqua Fortis' specifically refer to in chemistry?

<p>Nitric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acids are combined to create Aqua Regia, and in what ratio?

<p>HCl and HNO3 in a 3:1 ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when nitrogen reacts with oxygen during a thunderstorm?

<p>Nitric Oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does nascent chlorine play in the dissolution of gold in Aqua Regia?

<p>It reacts and oxidizes gold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound is primarily formed when nitrogen dioxide reacts with atmospheric moisture during rainfall?

<p>Nitric Acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is broken during the fixation of nitrogen to form useful compounds?

<p>Triple bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals can be dissolved by Aqua Regia?

<p>Gold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Ostwald process, what is the primary purpose of ammonia?

<p>To form nitric oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas is produced when zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated?

<p>Nitrogen dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation is made when lead nitrate is strongly heated?

<p>Brown gas is released (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the reaction of magnesium with nitric acid?

<p>Magnesium reacts with dilute nitric acid to produce hydrogen gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main reactants used in the Ostwald process for nitric acid production?

<p>Dry ammonia and dry air free from carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between copper and concentrated nitric acid?

<p>Nitrogen dioxide is produced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which catalyst is essential for the conversion of ammonia to nitric oxide in the Ostwald process?

<p>Platinum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sulfur is treated with concentrated nitric acid?

<p>Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when iron reacts with fuming nitric acid?

<p>Iron forms a passive oxide layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidizing agent employed in the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What residue is left behind when zinc nitrate is heated strongly?

<p>Zinc oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume ratio of ammonia to air in the Ostwald process?

<p>1:10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is concentrated hydrochloric acid unsuitable for the preparation of nitric acid from potassium nitrate?

<p>It is a volatile acid that contaminates the product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct balanced equation for the reaction of copper carbonate with dilute nitric acid?

<p>CuCO3 + 2 HNO3 ⟶ Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes concentrated nitric acid produced in the laboratory to appear yellow?

<p>Dissolved nitrogen dioxide gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does quartz play in the Ostwald process?

<p>Absorbs nitrogen dioxide in water uniformly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid?

<p>KNO3 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HNO3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when potassium nitrate (KNO3) is heated in a test tube?

<p>Oxygen gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the visible products of heating lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) in a test tube?

<p>Yellow solid and brown fumes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carbon (C) produce when oxidized with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3)?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas is generated when cold dilute nitric acid reacts with copper?

<p>Nitric oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid using KNO3?

<p>KNO3 + H2SO4 → 2 KHSO4 + HNO3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is used in the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric acid?

<p>Nitric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the residue formed when lead nitrate is thermally decomposed?

<p>Lead oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the products of the reaction between sulfur and nitric acid?

<p>Sulfuric acid and nitrogen dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aqua Fortis

Nitric acid, a highly corrosive colorless liquid with the formula HNO3. It dissolves many metals except gold.

Aqua Regia

A mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (3:1 by volume) that can dissolve gold and platinum.

Fixation of Nitrogen

The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into usable nitrogenous compounds like ammonia

Nitric Acid Formation in Rain

During thunderstorms, nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form nitric acid that falls in rainwater.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitric Oxide (NO)

A gas formed when atmospheric nitrogen reacts with oxygen during lightning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

A gas formed from the oxidation of nitric oxide and plays a role in nitric acid formation

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ostwald Process

A process used to produce nitric acid from ammonia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reactants in Ostwald Process

Ammonia and Oxygen are the reactants in the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ostwald process reactants

Dry ammonia and dry air (free from carbon dioxide) are used in the Ostwald process as reactants

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ostwald process catalyst

Platinum is the catalyst used in the Ostwald process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ostwald process oxidizing agent

Oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent in the Ostwald process, changing nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ammonia-to-air ratio

In the Ostwald process, the ratio of ammonia to air used is 1:10.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quartz function in Ostwald

Quartz in the Ostwald process is resistant to acid and provides a way to uniformly absorb nitrogen dioxide in water, converting it to nitric acid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laboratory nitric acid preparation

Nitric acid is prepared in the lab by reacting potassium nitrate (KNO3) or sodium nitrate (NaNO3) with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why not use HCl with KNO3

Using hydrochloric acid instead of sulfuric acid in the lab preparation of nitric acid would be problematic because hydrochloric acid is volatile and would contaminate the nitric acid produced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Yellow color in nitric acid

The yellow color of lab-prepared nitric acid is due to dissolved nitrogen dioxide gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decomposition of KNO3

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) decomposes upon heating to form potassium nitrite (KNO2) and oxygen gas (O2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brown Ring Test chemical

The chemical used in the brown ring test is ferrous sulfate (FeSO4).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lead Nitrate Decomposition

Lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) decomposes on heating to produce lead(II) oxide (PbO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and oxygen gas (O2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

HNO3 as a reducing agent

Nitric acid (HNO3) can act as a strong reducing agent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incorrect decomposition of NaNO3

Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) does not produce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen (O2) when heated. It decomposes to sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and oxygen (O2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Constant Boiling HNO3 composition

Constant boiling nitric acid contains 68% nitric acid by weight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light effect on HNO3

Nitric acid (HNO3) turns yellow when exposed to light.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrate Salt not giving NO2 and O2

Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) is a nitrate salt that does not produce a mixture of NO2 and O2 when heated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What gas is produced when copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid?

When copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide gas is evolved. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: Cu + 4 HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2 H2O + 2 NO2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens when lead nitrate is heated strongly?

When lead nitrate is heated strongly, it decomposes, producing brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide gas, lead oxide (a yellow solid), and oxygen gas. The balanced chemical equation is: 2 Pb(NO3)2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO2 + O2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What observation is made when zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated?

When zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated, brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide gas are observed. A yellow residue of zinc oxide is left behind, which turns white upon cooling. The balanced chemical equation is: 2 Zn(NO3)2 → 2 ZnO + 4 NO2 + O2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens when dilute nitric acid reacts with magnesium?

Dilute nitric acid reacts with magnesium to produce magnesium nitrate and hydrogen gas. The balanced chemical equation is: Mg + 2 HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens to iron when it reacts with fuming nitric acid?

Iron becomes passive (inert) when it reacts with fuming nitric acid. This occurs because a thin layer of insoluble iron oxide forms on the surface of the iron, preventing further reaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate?

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate is: CuCO3 + 2 HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the gas evolved when sulfur is treated with concentrated nitric acid?

When sulfur reacts with concentrated nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide gas is evolved as a product. The balanced chemical equation is: S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 2 H2O + 6 NO2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What gas is evolved when potassium nitrate is heated in a test tube?

When potassium nitrate crystals are heated in a hard glass test tube, oxygen gas is evolved. The balanced chemical equation is: 2 KNO3 → 2 KNO2 + O2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens when KNO3 is heated?

When potassium nitrate (KNO3) is heated, it decomposes into potassium nitrite (KNO2) and oxygen gas (O2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lead nitrate heating observations

When lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is heated, it decomposes into lead oxide (PbO) which is yellow and fuses with the glass, and brown nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas is released.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbon and conc. HNO3 reaction

When carbon reacts with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), it gets oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2), while nitric acid is reduced to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas, and water is also produced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cold dil. HNO3 and copper reaction

When cold dilute nitric acid (HNO3) reacts with copper, it forms copper(II) nitrate, water, and nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lab preparation of nitric acid

Nitric acid is prepared in the lab by heating potassium nitrate (KNO3) or sodium nitrate (NaNO3) with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-volatile acid preparation

Nitric acid is used to prepare non-volatile acids like sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by reacting it with sulfur.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitric acid from ammonia

Nitric acid is produced industrially through the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the oxidizing agent in the Ostwald process?

Oxygen (O2) acts as the oxidizing agent in the Ostwald process, converting nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is HNO3 not a typical acid?

Nitric acid acts as an oxidizing agent, reacting with metals to form water instead of hydrogen gas, which is typical for acids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is concentrated HNO3 yellow?

Concentrated nitric acid decomposes in sunlight, producing nitrogen dioxide gas which dissolves in the acid, giving it a yellow color.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is an all-glass apparatus used for HNO3 preparation?

Nitric acid is highly corrosive and can damage materials like cork or rubber used in traditional setups. Glass is resistant to corrosion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What gas is produced when copper nitrate is heated?

When copper nitrate is heated, it decomposes, producing brown nitrogen dioxide gas. The reaction also produces copper oxide and oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the chemical equation for copper nitrate decomposition?

2 Cu(NO3)2 → 2 CuO + 4 NO2 + O2

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Nitric Acid

  • Strong, corrosive, colorless liquid
  • Formula: HNO₃
  • Highly reactive with most metals (except gold and platinum)
  • Dissolves silver

Aqua Fortis

  • Another name for nitric acid
  • Highly corrosive

Aqua Regia

  • Mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (3:1 ratio)
  • Dissolves gold and platinum
  • Used to purify gold

Fixation of Nitrogen

  • Process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (Nâ‚‚) into nitrogenous compounds (e.g., ammonia)
  • Nitrogen's triple bond is broken and combined with hydrogen and oxygen
  • Formation of ammonia, etc.

Ostwald Process

  • Process for the production of nitric acid from ammonia
  • Reactants: dry ammonia (free from moisture) and dry air (free from carbon dioxide)
  • Catalyst: platinum
  • Oxidizing Agent: oxygen

Laboratory Preparation of Nitric Acid

  • Using potassium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid
    • Chemical equation: KNO₃ + Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ → KHSOâ‚„ + HNO₃
  • Concentrated hydrochloric acid isn't used instead of sulphuric acid because hydrochloric acid is volatile and will carry HCl vapors with the nitric acid, making it harder to isolate.

Properties of Nitric Acid

  • Concentrated nitric acid is yellow due to dissolved nitrogen dioxide
    • Yellow color can be removed through bubbling air or carbon dioxide through the nitric acid, forcing out the nitrogen dioxide gas. Excess water helps too.
  • Can't be concentrated beyond 68% by distillation of a dilute solution.
  • Passive iron is chemically inert. Passivity is removed through heating with a strong reducing agent or rubbing the surface with sandpaper.

Reactions of Nitric Acid

  • With non-metals (carbon, sulfur): forms carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) or sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚), water (Hâ‚‚O) and nitrogen dioxide (NOâ‚‚)
  • As an acid (neutralization reaction): reacts with metal oxides (Kâ‚‚O, ZnO) to form metal nitrates and water.
  • As an oxidizing agent: oxidizes non-metals (sulfur, phosphorus), metals (zinc, iron), and organic compounds to form various products.

Products of reactions

  • Copper Nitrate -Reaction with CuO: CuO + 2 HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
  • Lead Nitrate -Reaction with Pb: Pb + 4 HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O + 2NO2

Other Information

  • Ratio of ammonia and air in Ostwald Process: 1:10 (1 volume of ammonia to 10 volumes of air)
  • Quartz use in Ostwald process: Quartz is acid-resistant and ensures uniform absorption of nitrogen dioxide.
  • Laboratory preparation use of Potassium nitrate and Sodium Nitrate These salts are often used in laboratory prep of nitric acid, they are used with sulphuric acid.
  • Brown ring test for nitric acid: A brown ring forms at the junction of a ferrous sulfate solution and nitric acid, when a few crystals are heated.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Past Paper PDF - Selina Publishers

Description

Explore the fascinating world of nitric acid, its properties, and its applications in various chemical processes. This quiz covers the preparation of nitric acid, its reactions, and related topics such as the Ostwald process and the fixation of nitrogen. Test your knowledge on these essential chemistry concepts!

More Like This

Chemical Reactions with Nitric Acid
3 questions

Chemical Reactions with Nitric Acid

ComplimentaryVenus avatar
ComplimentaryVenus
Chemistry of Nitric Acid Quiz
17 questions

Chemistry of Nitric Acid Quiz

UsefulCalifornium avatar
UsefulCalifornium
Properties, Uses, and Reactions of Nitric Acid
12 questions

Properties, Uses, and Reactions of Nitric Acid

ExhilaratingCentaur avatar
ExhilaratingCentaur
Nitric Acid Production and Safety Procedures
40 questions

Nitric Acid Production and Safety Procedures

OrderlyAmber2578 avatar
OrderlyAmber2578
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser