Chemistry: Nitric Acid and Its Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary observable effect when heating crystals of copper nitrate in a test tube?

  • Formation of white gas
  • Release of blue liquid
  • Evolution of brown gas (correct)
  • Production of yellow solid

    • Why is dilute nitric acid not considered a typical acid when reacting with metals?

  • It does not produce carbon dioxide.
  • It oxidizes the hydrogen gas evolved. (correct)
  • It reacts at a slower rate than other acids.
  • It does not contain hydrogen ions.

    • What change occurs to concentrated nitric acid when exposed to sunlight and heat?

  • It turns colorless and evaporates.
  • It decomposes, producing nitrogen dioxide gas. (correct)
  • It transforms into a strong base.
  • It solidifies into a crystalline form.

    • In laboratory preparation, why is an all-glass apparatus preferred for nitric acid?

    <p>It prevents corrosion from acid fumes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the decomposition of concentrated nitric acid?

    <p>4 HNO3 ⟶ O2 + 2 H2O + 2 NO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrate salt does not produce a mixture of NO2 and O2 when heated?

    <p>KNO3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct result of heating sodium nitrate (NaNO3)?

    <p>NaNO3 melts to form a colourless liquid and emits O2. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical is used in the brown ring test?

    <p>FeSO4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gases are produced by the decomposition of NaNO3 upon heating?

    <p>Only O2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains unchanged when nitric acid is exposed to light?

    <p>Nitric acid turns yellow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT correct about constant boiling nitric acid?

    <p>It contains 80% nitric acid by weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the decomposition of lead nitrate produce?

    <p>NO2 and O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when CuO undergoes reduction with hydrogen?

    <p>Cu and H2O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Aqua Fortis' specifically refer to in chemistry?

    <p>Nitric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acids are combined to create Aqua Regia, and in what ratio?

    <p>HCl and HNO3 in a 3:1 ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when nitrogen reacts with oxygen during a thunderstorm?

    <p>Nitric Oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nascent chlorine play in the dissolution of gold in Aqua Regia?

    <p>It reacts and oxidizes gold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is primarily formed when nitrogen dioxide reacts with atmospheric moisture during rainfall?

    <p>Nitric Acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is broken during the fixation of nitrogen to form useful compounds?

    <p>Triple bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals can be dissolved by Aqua Regia?

    <p>Gold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Ostwald process, what is the primary purpose of ammonia?

    <p>To form nitric oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is produced when zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated?

    <p>Nitrogen dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation is made when lead nitrate is strongly heated?

    <p>Brown gas is released (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the reaction of magnesium with nitric acid?

    <p>Magnesium reacts with dilute nitric acid to produce hydrogen gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main reactants used in the Ostwald process for nitric acid production?

    <p>Dry ammonia and dry air free from carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between copper and concentrated nitric acid?

    <p>Nitrogen dioxide is produced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which catalyst is essential for the conversion of ammonia to nitric oxide in the Ostwald process?

    <p>Platinum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sulfur is treated with concentrated nitric acid?

    <p>Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when iron reacts with fuming nitric acid?

    <p>Iron forms a passive oxide layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidizing agent employed in the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide?

    <p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What residue is left behind when zinc nitrate is heated strongly?

    <p>Zinc oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume ratio of ammonia to air in the Ostwald process?

    <p>1:10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is concentrated hydrochloric acid unsuitable for the preparation of nitric acid from potassium nitrate?

    <p>It is a volatile acid that contaminates the product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct balanced equation for the reaction of copper carbonate with dilute nitric acid?

    <p>CuCO3 + 2 HNO3 ⟶ Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes concentrated nitric acid produced in the laboratory to appear yellow?

    <p>Dissolved nitrogen dioxide gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does quartz play in the Ostwald process?

    <p>Absorbs nitrogen dioxide in water uniformly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balanced equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid?

    <p>KNO3 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HNO3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when potassium nitrate (KNO3) is heated in a test tube?

    <p>Oxygen gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the visible products of heating lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) in a test tube?

    <p>Yellow solid and brown fumes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does carbon (C) produce when oxidized with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3)?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is generated when cold dilute nitric acid reacts with copper?

    <p>Nitric oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balanced equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid using KNO3?

    <p>KNO3 + H2SO4 → 2 KHSO4 + HNO3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used in the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric acid?

    <p>Nitric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the residue formed when lead nitrate is thermally decomposed?

    <p>Lead oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the products of the reaction between sulfur and nitric acid?

    <p>Sulfuric acid and nitrogen dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nitric Acid

    • Strong, corrosive, colorless liquid
    • Formula: HNO₃
    • Highly reactive with most metals (except gold and platinum)
    • Dissolves silver

    Aqua Fortis

    • Another name for nitric acid
    • Highly corrosive

    Aqua Regia

    • Mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (3:1 ratio)
    • Dissolves gold and platinum
    • Used to purify gold

    Fixation of Nitrogen

    • Process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into nitrogenous compounds (e.g., ammonia)
    • Nitrogen's triple bond is broken and combined with hydrogen and oxygen
    • Formation of ammonia, etc.

    Ostwald Process

    • Process for the production of nitric acid from ammonia
    • Reactants: dry ammonia (free from moisture) and dry air (free from carbon dioxide)
    • Catalyst: platinum
    • Oxidizing Agent: oxygen

    Laboratory Preparation of Nitric Acid

    • Using potassium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid
      • Chemical equation: KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → KHSO₄ + HNO₃
    • Concentrated hydrochloric acid isn't used instead of sulphuric acid because hydrochloric acid is volatile and will carry HCl vapors with the nitric acid, making it harder to isolate.

    Properties of Nitric Acid

    • Concentrated nitric acid is yellow due to dissolved nitrogen dioxide
      • Yellow color can be removed through bubbling air or carbon dioxide through the nitric acid, forcing out the nitrogen dioxide gas. Excess water helps too.
    • Can't be concentrated beyond 68% by distillation of a dilute solution.
    • Passive iron is chemically inert. Passivity is removed through heating with a strong reducing agent or rubbing the surface with sandpaper.

    Reactions of Nitric Acid

    • With non-metals (carbon, sulfur): forms carbon dioxide (CO₂) or sulfur dioxide (SO₂), water (H₂O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)
    • As an acid (neutralization reaction): reacts with metal oxides (K₂O, ZnO) to form metal nitrates and water.
    • As an oxidizing agent: oxidizes non-metals (sulfur, phosphorus), metals (zinc, iron), and organic compounds to form various products.

    Products of reactions

    • Copper Nitrate -Reaction with CuO: CuO + 2 HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
    • Lead Nitrate -Reaction with Pb: Pb + 4 HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O + 2NO2

    Other Information

    • Ratio of ammonia and air in Ostwald Process: 1:10 (1 volume of ammonia to 10 volumes of air)
    • Quartz use in Ostwald process: Quartz is acid-resistant and ensures uniform absorption of nitrogen dioxide.
    • Laboratory preparation use of Potassium nitrate and Sodium Nitrate These salts are often used in laboratory prep of nitric acid, they are used with sulphuric acid.
    • Brown ring test for nitric acid: A brown ring forms at the junction of a ferrous sulfate solution and nitric acid, when a few crystals are heated.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of nitric acid, its properties, and its applications in various chemical processes. This quiz covers the preparation of nitric acid, its reactions, and related topics such as the Ostwald process and the fixation of nitrogen. Test your knowledge on these essential chemistry concepts!

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