Nitosols and Acrisols in Soil Science
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Questions and Answers

What are the parent materials for Nitosols?

  • Sandstone and conglomerate
  • Granite and sedimentary rocks
  • Shale and limestone
  • Trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and metamorphic rocks (correct)
  • Why are Nitosols poor in soluble minerals like potassium and calcium?

  • Due to the leaching effect of high rainfall (correct)
  • Due to high temperature in their formation areas
  • Due to the soils being formed in dry conditions
  • Due to the parent materials being deficient in these minerals
  • What causes the reddish-brown color of Nitosols?

  • The presence of aluminum oxides
  • The presence of iron (ferric) oxides due to leaching (correct)
  • The presence of organic matter from forest cover
  • The presence of volcanic ash in the parent material
  • Which of the following statements about Acrisols is true?

    <p>They are one of the most inherently infertile soils of the tropics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Nitosols dominantly found in Ethiopia?

    <p>Western highlands, southwestern highlands, southern highlands, central highlands, and eastern highlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Acrisols found in Ethiopia?

    <p>Along with Nitosols in some pockets of southwestern highlands with high rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Vertisols is correct?

    <p>They develop on volcanic plateau basalt, trachyte and pyroclastic materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following soils are characterized by little evidence of pedogenic processes, shallow depth, and coarse texture?

    <p>Lithosols and Cambisols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Xerosols, Yermosols and Solanchaks is NOT correct?

    <p>They are rich in humus content and nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions of Ethiopia are Yermosols and Solonchaks commonly found?

    <p>Ogaden and Afar plains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Fluvisols is correct?

    <p>They are associated with fluvial (river), marine (sea) and lacustine (lake) deposits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following soil types are commonly found in the Danakil and eastern Ogaden regions of Ethiopia?

    <p>Lithosols and Regosols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nitosols and Acrisols

    • Develop on gently sloping ground with parent materials including trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and metamorphic rocks
    • Strongly weathered soils, but more productive than most tropical soils
    • Associated with highlands, high rainfall, and originally forest-covered areas
    • Poor in soluble minerals like potassium, calcium, etc. due to leaching
    • Rich in non-soluble minerals like iron and aluminum
    • Reddish-brown color due to high concentration of iron (ferric) oxides
    • Found in western, southwestern, southern, central, and eastern highlands of Ethiopia
    • Acrisols are inherently infertile, degrade quickly, and have low resilience to degradation
    • Found in southwestern highlands of Ethiopia, often alongside Nitosols

    Vertisols

    • Heavy clay soils with a high proportion of swelling clays when wet, and cracks when dry
    • Extremely difficult to manage, but with high natural chemical fertility
    • Develop on volcanic plateau basalt, trachyte, pyroclastic materials, sedimentary rocks, and alluvial plains
    • Found in Northwestern, Central, and Southeastern highlands of Ethiopia

    Lithosols, Cambisols, and Regosol

    • Found in rugged topography and steep slopes
    • Little evidence of pedogenic processes, resulting in young, shallow, and coarse-textured soils
    • Low water-holding capacity, limited agricultural use, and often left under natural plant cover for grazing
    • Found in Central Highlands, Rift Valley Escarpments, and highlands of western Hararghe, Danakil, and eastern Ogaden

    Xerosols, Yermosols, and Solanchaks

    • Soils of desert or dry steppe areas with high salt content, low organic content, and poor humus and nitrogen
    • Rich in phosphorus and potash, and can be fertile with irrigation
    • Xerosols have low organic content, are prone to wind erosion, and have soluble salt concentration
    • Yermosols are drier and more problematic than Xerosols
    • Solonchaks are saline soils that develop in areas of high evaporation and capillary action
    • Found in Ogaden, northeastern escarpments, Afar plains, and salty plains of Afar

    Fluvisols

    • Develop on flat or nearly flat ground, on recent alluvial deposits
    • Associated with fluvial, marine, and lacustine deposits

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    Description

    Learn about Nitosols and Acrisols, two types of soils with distinct characteristics and parent materials. Discover how Nitosols develop on gently sloping ground and their association with highlands and high rainfall areas. Explore the differences in soil properties due to leaching and weathering processes.

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