Nictitating Membrane Gland Prolapse (PNMG) in Veterinary Ophthalmology

The mode of inheritance appears to be complex and potentially multigenic.

A weakness or laxity in the connective tissue anchoring the NMG to the periorbital tissues.

Because the gland contributes to tear production, especially in breeds predisposed to keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

<p>The nictitating membrane provides physical protection of the cornea and is an important contributor to the secretory immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in lacrimation of 26% within 3-7 months, but values recovered to near normal after 1 year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in tear breakup time, positive vital staining, and morphologic changes of the corneal epithelium, indicating a lack of barrier function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of framycetin and dexamethasone phosphate ointment (FradexamTM) three times daily for 2 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alleviate the fluid-filled mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>19 mm/min OD and 16 mm/min OS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6–0 coated braided lactomer 9-1 (PolysorbTM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For bacteriological examination and histological examination respectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A soft nonpainful mass, 20 mm in diameter, extended from the base of the NM to its leading edge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 mg/kg of body weight amoxicillin and 2.5 mg/kg of body weight clavulanic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild keratitis with slight corneal neovascularization and edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indomethacin drops and artificial tear substitutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the dog from interfering with the surgical site</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The external layer of the cyst wall was composed of stratified squamous epithelium, with rare PAS-positive goblet cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some lacrimal acinar structures were present under the mucosa in the collagenic connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internal side of the cyst wall was composed of a discrete lining of flattened cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conjunctival and internal cyst linings as well as the lacrimal lobules were positive for cytokeratin labeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunostaining of both superficial and deep layers was negative for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The microscopic findings support a conjunctival external border of the sample and an internal epithelial lining of the cyst lumen, probably of lacrimal origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lining may become attenuated and the myoepithelial cells may disappear, making differentiation difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium with possible goblet cells and a mucinous content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dacryocoele lacks an epithelium lining, whereas lacrimal gland cysts have an epithelium lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is important in maintaining normal tear production, and may be the main source of tears in some dogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratoconjunctivitis sicca may develop in a significant percentage of dogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The imprisonment of tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers