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Questions and Answers
What percentage of cats showed abnormal mental status in this study?
What percentage of cats showed abnormal mental status in this study?
What percentage of the affected cats were male?
What percentage of the affected cats were male?
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT affected in middle cranial fossa syndrome?
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT affected in middle cranial fossa syndrome?
Which of the following is a clinical sign of middle cranial fossa syndrome?
Which of the following is a clinical sign of middle cranial fossa syndrome?
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Study Notes
Feline Internal Ophthalmoparesis/Ophthalmoplegia
- Twelve cases of feline internal ophthalmoparesis/ophthalmoplegia were identified, with a median age of 10.54 years (range 5.75 to 13.17) and both sexes of varying breeds affected.
- Clinical signs included abnormal mental status (n = 9; 75%) and additional neurologic abnormalities (n = 10; 83%).
- Magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography (MRI/CT) of the head were performed in ten cats, revealing a mass lesion in all cases with varying locations.
Imaging Findings
- MRI/CT of the head revealed a mass lesion in all cases with varying locations.
- Advanced imaging may be necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis.
Clinical Signs
- Unilateral internal ophthalmoparesis (right eye only (OD) n = 1, 0.08%) or ophthalmoplegia {(total n = 8, 67%), OD = 4, 33%, left eye (OS) = 4, 33%} was present in nine cats (75%).
- Bilateral internal ophthalmoparesis was present in one cat (case 10) at presentation.
- Case 11 had internal ophthalmoparesis OD and internal ophthalmoplegia OS.
Middle Cranial Fossa Syndrome
- Middle cranial fossa syndrome is a clinical disorder characterized by ipsilateral internal ophthalmoparesis/ophthalmoplegia, paresis, or plegia of the extra-ocular muscles (also known as external ophthalmoparesis/ophthalmoplegia) and decreased to absent facial and corneal sensation.
- This is usually due to an intracranial mass or retrobulbar mass invading the orbital fissure or the middle cranial fossa.
Prognosis
- Cats with systemic and neurologic deficits related to internal ophthalmoparesis/ophthalmoplegia have a guarded prognosis due to the high prevalence of neoplasia in this population.
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Description
This quiz covers a study on clinical signs, imaging findings, and outcome in twelve cats with internal ophthalmoparesis/ophthalmoplegia. It's based on a research article in Veterinary Ophthalmology (2018).