Nicomachean Ethics Book 1: Function Argument

Questions and Answers

What is Aristotle's function argument in the Nicomachean Ethics?

The goodness of an action can be measured by the ends it intends to reach, with happiness as the ultimate end.

What criticism is often directed at Aristotle's function argument?

It suggests that man does not have an intrinsic function, only one related to actions.

How might Aristotle respond to the criticism of his function argument?

He might argue that a man and his rational being are indistinguishable, asserting that pursuing happiness through rational action defines human function.

Who is said to win the exchange regarding Aristotle's function argument?

Aristotle is seen as the winner. Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the good in relation to different arts and activities?

The good is that for the sake of which everything else is done, which varies by context. Signup and view all the answers

How does Aristotle define happiness?

Happiness is the end toward which all conscious acts are directed; it is final and self-sufficient. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the proper function of a man according to Aristotle?

The activity of his soul in conformity with a rational principle. Signup and view all the answers

Happiness can be considered an end in itself.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for an individual to achieve true happiness according to Aristotle?

Pursuing rational activities in accordance with virtue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aristotle's Function Argument

The goodness of an action is measured by its intended ends, with happiness identified as the ultimate goal.
Happiness is inherently valuable and not pursued as a means to an end; it is an end in itself.
Humans, as rational beings, are distinct from other living creatures; their function is to act based on reason.
Rational activity defines human function; performing rational actions well aligns with virtue.
Rationality guides human actions, making rational fulfillment central to achieving eudaimonia (happiness).

Objections to the Function Argument

A key objection states that Aristotle's function argument implies humans lack intrinsic functions beyond their activities.
Critics argue that Aristotle addresses functions only concerning occupations rather than inherent human characteristics.
The objection suggests that if rational action defines function, it may parallel mechanical functions without true rationality.

Aristotle's Possible Responses

Aristotle could argue that rationality and human identity are inseparable, asserting that rational pursuit of happiness is essential to human nature.
He would maintain that rational actions contribute to eudaimonia and are intrinsically fulfilling.
Occupations pursued virtuously contribute to one's well-being, thus forming both means and ends aligned with happiness.

Assessment of the Exchange

Aristotle appears to prevail in the exchange due to his nuanced understanding of ethics that transcends mere logical debate.
Critics may overlook the complexity of Aristotle's insights and their practical relevance in ethical discussions.
Ethics as a subject intertwines with human experiences beyond simple logic, highlighting Aristotle’s practical approach.

Nature of the Good

The good varies across different arts and activities, defined as the end or purpose behind actions.
Not all ends are final; some serve merely as means to other ends, complicating the distinction of finality.
Happiness is identified as the ultimate and self-sufficient good, pursued solely for its own sake.
True happiness encompasses broader social relationships, transcending individual concepts of good.

Defining Happiness through Function

The proper function of humans involves rational activity aligned with rational principles, distinct from mere biological existence.
Happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue, not just a fleeting state but a lifelong endeavor.
A well-lived life, based on virtue and rationality, characterizes the fulfillment of human potential and happiness.
Ethics lacks precise scientific definitions; it requires a practical approach and contextual considerations for different cases.

Description

Dive into Aristotle's 'function argument' presented in Book 1, Chapter 7 of Nicomachean Ethics. This concept explores how the goodness of actions is assessed by their intended ends, highlighting the pursuit of happiness as the ultimate goal in ethical theory. Understand its significance in shaping Aristotle's moral philosophy.