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Questions and Answers
Which statement about astrocytes is correct?
What is true about axons in neurons?
Which statement about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
Which of the following is accurate regarding action potentials?
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What characterizes excitatory synapses?
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Which statement is true regarding the vestibular system?
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What role do otoliths play in the vestibular system?
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What is incorrect about the diffusion of neurotransmitters in chemical synapses?
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Study Notes
Nervous Tissue
- Astrocytes are specialized neurons involved in numerical cognition.
- Neurons do not possess mitochondria and typically store but do not synthesize neurotransmitters.
- Schwann cells are responsible for forming the myelin sheath, which is mainly associated with the peripheral nervous system.
Neurons and Their Extensions
- Axons feature spines where numerous synaptic contacts are formed.
- Neuronal extensions are categorized into axons, dendrites, and myofibrils.
- In multipolar neurons, axons are generally the shortest extensions.
- Axons in gray matter do not have a myelin sheath.
Membrane Potential
- Ion movement across the neuronal membrane occurs through protein-formed channels.
- Some ionic channels open in response to changes in the electrical potential of the membrane.
- The sodium-potassium pump transfers potassium ions outside the cell and sodium ions into the cell.
- Sodium ions can diffuse freely through the lipid bilayer of the neuronal membrane without the need for channels.
Action Potential
- The amplitude of action potentials decreases with increasing distance from the generation site.
- Sodium ions enter the cell during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
- The intensity of a stimulus is reflected in the amplitude of action potentials.
- The repolarization phase is characterized by potassium ions moving outside the cell.
Synapses
- Excitatory synapses trigger depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
- Electrical synapses can exhibit functional symmetry.
- In chemical synapses, neurotransmitter release occurs 0.5 milliseconds prior to the action potential reaching the synaptic terminal.
- Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft after being released.
Vestibular System
- The vestibular system is crucial for maintaining balance.
- Head rotation leads to movement of endolymph in the semicircular canals.
- Otoliths from the saccule and utricle provide signals related to posture and gravity.
- Ciliated cells in the semicircular canals are housed within a structure known as otoconia.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of the nervous tissue with this Nicoletta quiz. Explore questions about neuron characteristics, types of glial cells, and their roles in the central nervous system. See how much you know about the intricate details of neuronal functioning!
