Nicolai Vavilov's Centers of Origin Quiz
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Nicolai Vavilov's Centers of Origin Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What did Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov suggest about the regions with many wild relatives of domesticated species?

  • They are likely to be regions of low biodiversity.
  • They are regions where crops are most commonly harvested.
  • They are regions with the most extreme climates.
  • They are likely the original regions where that species was domesticated. (correct)

    • How many regions did Vavilov identify as centers of origin for cultivated species?

  • 9
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8 (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT listed as one of Vavilov's centers of origin?

  • Ethiopia
  • Central Asia
  • China
  • Australia (correct)

    • What are the two main objections raised regarding Vavilov's proposed centers of origin?

    <p>They did not align with areas of highest genetic diversity and were too widespread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancement has improved the study of genetic variation in crops?

    <p>DNA fingerprinting technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the likely origins of Alfalfa according to the identified centers?

    <p>Turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions was identified as a center of origin for cultivated species?

    <p>Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Vavilov's centers of origin has been strengthened by recent research?

    <p>Genetic variation studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of urban agriculture as outlined in the Bayanihan Act of 2020?

    <p>To create a resilient food system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT mentioned as part of climate smart agriculture?

    <p>Soil enrichment with chemical fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using greenhouses in agriculture?

    <p>Optimization of growth conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method combines both fish farming and plant cultivation?

    <p>Aquaponics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nurseries contribute to agricultural practices?

    <p>By providing protection for young plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of agriculture as described in the content?

    <p>Producing food and raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Latin words contribute to the meaning of agriculture?

    <p>Ager and cultura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is agriculture characterized in terms of its nature?

    <p>It is a combination of science, art, and business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of agriculture involves creativity and skill?

    <p>Aesthetic combinations of plants and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does knowledge and skills play in agriculture?

    <p>They are essential for experimentation and data analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key result of agricultural practices as mentioned in the content?

    <p>It supports the development of civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the business aspect of agriculture?

    <p>It aims to generate profit through strategic management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a purpose of agricultural practices?

    <p>Cultivating social relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What program was introduced by Sec. Bacani in 1990 that enabled the Philippines to export rice?

    <p>Rice Action Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program, launched in 1996, aimed to organize subsistence farmers into cooperatives?

    <p>Gintong Ani Food Production and Security Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA)?

    <p>Sec. Angara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Key Production Approach (KPA) introduced in 1992?

    <p>Planting the right crop at the right place and time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant agricultural legislation was introduced during the tenure of Sec. Alcala in 2010?

    <p>Philippine Organic Agriculture Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the Roll-On, Roll-Off (RORO) transport program launched?

    <p>2022</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program implemented in 1990 led to self-sufficiency of corn?

    <p>Corn Production Enhancement Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Acting Secretary of Agriculture who introduced the 10-point agenda in 1998?

    <p>Dr. William D. Dar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average size of farms in the Philippines?

    <p>2 hectares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is located in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines?

    <p>IRRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) become the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

    <p>1995</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Philippines' forest area is true?

    <p>The forest area has decreased over the years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary crop in the Philippines?

    <p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total land area of the Philippines?

    <p>300,000 square km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many dialects are recognized in the Philippines?

    <p>88 dialects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research institutes focuses on the improvement of maize and wheat?

    <p>CIMMYT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Center of Domestication of Crops

    • In 1926, Russian botanist Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov identified regions rich in wild relatives of crops as likely centers of species domestication.
    • Vavilov proposed eight global centers of origin for cultivated crops based on diversity observed during his expeditions.

    Center of Origin of Crops

    • Vavilov's identified centers of origin include:
      • China
      • India and Malaya
      • Central Asia
      • Near East
      • Mediterranean
      • Ethiopia
      • Mexico and Central America
      • South America
    • Critiques of Vavilov’s centers include misalignment with genetic diversity hotspots and the geographic spread of diversity.

    Advancements in Genetics

    • DNA fingerprinting technologies allow for more accurate studies of genetic diversity and crop domestication, confirming that many species have distinct regions of domestication.

    Agriculture Concept and Terminology

    • Agriculture stems from the Latin words "ager" (field) and "cultura" (cultivation).
    • It encompasses the production of food and raw materials, crucial for civilization development.
    • Agriculture integrates elements of art, science, and business, requiring skills, experimental knowledge, and profit-generating strategies.

    Agricultural Development in the Philippines

    • Several key initiatives have been implemented by the Department of Agriculture (DA) to enhance agricultural productivity:
      • Rice Action Program (1990) led to rice exports by 1992.
      • Corn Production Enhancement Program achieved self-sufficiency in corn.
      • Key Production Approach (1992) focused on crop timing and location.
      • Gintong Ani program (1996) organized farmers into cooperatives.
      • Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (1999) aims to modernize agricultural practices.

    Philippine Agriculture Statistics

    • The Philippines has diverse climates, predominantly featuring subsistence farming.
    • Average farm size is about 2 hectares, with rice as the staple food.
    • Total land area measures approximately 30 million hectares, with 14.2 million hectares dedicated to agriculture.

    International Agricultural Research Institutions

    • Notable organizations include:
      • International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines.
      • CIMMYT in Mexico, focused on maize and wheat improvement.
      • CIAT in Colombia and IITA in Nigeria targeting tropical agriculture.

    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

    • GATT was established in 1947 to regulate international trade among roughly 150 countries, aimed at reducing tariffs and trade barriers.
    • Evolved into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, enhancing trade oversight.

    Prospective Technological Advancements

    • Hydroponics involves growing plants in mineral-rich water, while aquaponics combines fish farming with crop production.
    • Greenhouses regulate environments for optimal plant growth and yield.
    • Urban Agriculture, promoted by the Bayanihan Act of 2020, focuses on local food production to bolster food security.
    • Climate-Smart Agriculture adapts practices to counteract climate change impacts on farming.

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    Crop Science PDF - World And Philippine Agriculture

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov's theories regarding the origins of cultivated species and their wild relatives. This quiz covers the key regions identified by Vavilov, objections to his proposals, and advancements in genetic study related to crops. Delve into the specifics of his centers of origin and the history of Alfalfa's cultivation.

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