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What did Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov suggest about the regions with many wild relatives of domesticated species?
What did Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov suggest about the regions with many wild relatives of domesticated species?
How many regions did Vavilov identify as centers of origin for cultivated species?
How many regions did Vavilov identify as centers of origin for cultivated species?
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of Vavilov's centers of origin?
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of Vavilov's centers of origin?
What are the two main objections raised regarding Vavilov's proposed centers of origin?
What are the two main objections raised regarding Vavilov's proposed centers of origin?
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What advancement has improved the study of genetic variation in crops?
What advancement has improved the study of genetic variation in crops?
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What is one of the likely origins of Alfalfa according to the identified centers?
What is one of the likely origins of Alfalfa according to the identified centers?
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Which of the following regions was identified as a center of origin for cultivated species?
Which of the following regions was identified as a center of origin for cultivated species?
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Which aspect of Vavilov's centers of origin has been strengthened by recent research?
Which aspect of Vavilov's centers of origin has been strengthened by recent research?
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What is the main focus of urban agriculture as outlined in the Bayanihan Act of 2020?
What is the main focus of urban agriculture as outlined in the Bayanihan Act of 2020?
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Which of the following techniques is NOT mentioned as part of climate smart agriculture?
Which of the following techniques is NOT mentioned as part of climate smart agriculture?
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What is a key benefit of using greenhouses in agriculture?
What is a key benefit of using greenhouses in agriculture?
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Which method combines both fish farming and plant cultivation?
Which method combines both fish farming and plant cultivation?
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How do nurseries contribute to agricultural practices?
How do nurseries contribute to agricultural practices?
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What is the primary focus of agriculture as described in the content?
What is the primary focus of agriculture as described in the content?
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Which Latin words contribute to the meaning of agriculture?
Which Latin words contribute to the meaning of agriculture?
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How is agriculture characterized in terms of its nature?
How is agriculture characterized in terms of its nature?
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What aspect of agriculture involves creativity and skill?
What aspect of agriculture involves creativity and skill?
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What role does knowledge and skills play in agriculture?
What role does knowledge and skills play in agriculture?
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What is a key result of agricultural practices as mentioned in the content?
What is a key result of agricultural practices as mentioned in the content?
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What best describes the business aspect of agriculture?
What best describes the business aspect of agriculture?
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of agricultural practices?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of agricultural practices?
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What program was introduced by Sec. Bacani in 1990 that enabled the Philippines to export rice?
What program was introduced by Sec. Bacani in 1990 that enabled the Philippines to export rice?
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Which program, launched in 1996, aimed to organize subsistence farmers into cooperatives?
Which program, launched in 1996, aimed to organize subsistence farmers into cooperatives?
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Who introduced the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA)?
Who introduced the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA)?
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What was the primary focus of the Key Production Approach (KPA) introduced in 1992?
What was the primary focus of the Key Production Approach (KPA) introduced in 1992?
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Which significant agricultural legislation was introduced during the tenure of Sec. Alcala in 2010?
Which significant agricultural legislation was introduced during the tenure of Sec. Alcala in 2010?
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In which year was the Roll-On, Roll-Off (RORO) transport program launched?
In which year was the Roll-On, Roll-Off (RORO) transport program launched?
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Which program implemented in 1990 led to self-sufficiency of corn?
Which program implemented in 1990 led to self-sufficiency of corn?
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Who was the Acting Secretary of Agriculture who introduced the 10-point agenda in 1998?
Who was the Acting Secretary of Agriculture who introduced the 10-point agenda in 1998?
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What is the average size of farms in the Philippines?
What is the average size of farms in the Philippines?
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Which institution is located in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines?
Which institution is located in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines?
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In what year did the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) become the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
In what year did the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) become the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
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Which of the following statements about the Philippines' forest area is true?
Which of the following statements about the Philippines' forest area is true?
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What is the primary crop in the Philippines?
What is the primary crop in the Philippines?
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What is the total land area of the Philippines?
What is the total land area of the Philippines?
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How many dialects are recognized in the Philippines?
How many dialects are recognized in the Philippines?
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Which of the following research institutes focuses on the improvement of maize and wheat?
Which of the following research institutes focuses on the improvement of maize and wheat?
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Study Notes
Center of Domestication of Crops
- In 1926, Russian botanist Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov identified regions rich in wild relatives of crops as likely centers of species domestication.
- Vavilov proposed eight global centers of origin for cultivated crops based on diversity observed during his expeditions.
Center of Origin of Crops
- Vavilov's identified centers of origin include:
- China
- India and Malaya
- Central Asia
- Near East
- Mediterranean
- Ethiopia
- Mexico and Central America
- South America
- Critiques of Vavilov’s centers include misalignment with genetic diversity hotspots and the geographic spread of diversity.
Advancements in Genetics
- DNA fingerprinting technologies allow for more accurate studies of genetic diversity and crop domestication, confirming that many species have distinct regions of domestication.
Agriculture Concept and Terminology
- Agriculture stems from the Latin words "ager" (field) and "cultura" (cultivation).
- It encompasses the production of food and raw materials, crucial for civilization development.
- Agriculture integrates elements of art, science, and business, requiring skills, experimental knowledge, and profit-generating strategies.
Agricultural Development in the Philippines
- Several key initiatives have been implemented by the Department of Agriculture (DA) to enhance agricultural productivity:
- Rice Action Program (1990) led to rice exports by 1992.
- Corn Production Enhancement Program achieved self-sufficiency in corn.
- Key Production Approach (1992) focused on crop timing and location.
- Gintong Ani program (1996) organized farmers into cooperatives.
- Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (1999) aims to modernize agricultural practices.
Philippine Agriculture Statistics
- The Philippines has diverse climates, predominantly featuring subsistence farming.
- Average farm size is about 2 hectares, with rice as the staple food.
- Total land area measures approximately 30 million hectares, with 14.2 million hectares dedicated to agriculture.
International Agricultural Research Institutions
- Notable organizations include:
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines.
- CIMMYT in Mexico, focused on maize and wheat improvement.
- CIAT in Colombia and IITA in Nigeria targeting tropical agriculture.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
- GATT was established in 1947 to regulate international trade among roughly 150 countries, aimed at reducing tariffs and trade barriers.
- Evolved into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, enhancing trade oversight.
Prospective Technological Advancements
- Hydroponics involves growing plants in mineral-rich water, while aquaponics combines fish farming with crop production.
- Greenhouses regulate environments for optimal plant growth and yield.
- Urban Agriculture, promoted by the Bayanihan Act of 2020, focuses on local food production to bolster food security.
- Climate-Smart Agriculture adapts practices to counteract climate change impacts on farming.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Nicolai Ivanovich Vavilov's theories regarding the origins of cultivated species and their wild relatives. This quiz covers the key regions identified by Vavilov, objections to his proposals, and advancements in genetic study related to crops. Delve into the specifics of his centers of origin and the history of Alfalfa's cultivation.
