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Questions and Answers
A stationary hockey puck remains at rest on the ice until a player strikes it with a stick. This scenario best illustrates which of Newton's Laws?
A stationary hockey puck remains at rest on the ice until a player strikes it with a stick. This scenario best illustrates which of Newton's Laws?
- Newton's Second Law, relating the force of the stick to the puck's acceleration.
- Newton's Third Law, due to the action-reaction pair between the stick and the puck.
- Newton's First Law, demonstrating the puck's inertia to remain at rest. (correct)
- The Law of Universal Gravitation, as the puck is attracted to the Earth.
A car accelerates from rest to 25 m/s in 5 seconds. Which quantity is NOT directly involved in determining the car's acceleration according to the fundamental concepts of kinematics and Newton's Laws?
A car accelerates from rest to 25 m/s in 5 seconds. Which quantity is NOT directly involved in determining the car's acceleration according to the fundamental concepts of kinematics and Newton's Laws?
- The net force acting on the car.
- The final velocity of the car.
- The color of the car. (correct)
- The initial velocity of the car.
Two objects, one with a mass of 2 kg and the other with a mass of 4 kg, are subjected to the same net force. How will their accelerations compare?
Two objects, one with a mass of 2 kg and the other with a mass of 4 kg, are subjected to the same net force. How will their accelerations compare?
- The 4 kg object will accelerate twice as much as the 2 kg object.
- Neither object will accelerate because the forces are equal.
- The 2 kg object will accelerate twice as much as the 4 kg object. (correct)
- Both objects will accelerate at the same rate.
A book rests on a table. According to Newton's Third Law, what is the reaction force to the book's weight (the force of gravity on the book)?
A book rests on a table. According to Newton's Third Law, what is the reaction force to the book's weight (the force of gravity on the book)?
A spacecraft is drifting in deep space, far from any stars or planets, with its engines turned off. Which of Newton's Laws best explains why it continues to move at a constant velocity?
A spacecraft is drifting in deep space, far from any stars or planets, with its engines turned off. Which of Newton's Laws best explains why it continues to move at a constant velocity?
A tow truck is pulling a car with a force of 3000 N, and the car is accelerating at a rate of 1.5 m/s². What is the mass of the car?
A tow truck is pulling a car with a force of 3000 N, and the car is accelerating at a rate of 1.5 m/s². What is the mass of the car?
A rocket expels hot gases downwards to propel itself upwards. Which of Newton's Laws primarily explains this?
A rocket expels hot gases downwards to propel itself upwards. Which of Newton's Laws primarily explains this?
While walking, a person's foot pushes backward on the ground. What is the reaction force in this scenario, according to Newton's Third Law?
While walking, a person's foot pushes backward on the ground. What is the reaction force in this scenario, according to Newton's Third Law?
In swimming, if a swimmer moves forward in the water, which of the following forces is primarily promoting this motion?
In swimming, if a swimmer moves forward in the water, which of the following forces is primarily promoting this motion?
How does the gravitational force between two objects change if the mass of one object doubles while the distance between them remains constant?
How does the gravitational force between two objects change if the mass of one object doubles while the distance between them remains constant?
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the characteristic of an internal force within a system?
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the characteristic of an internal force within a system?
A biomechanist uses a force platform to analyze an athlete's ground reaction forces during a vertical jump. Which of Newton's Laws directly explains how the force platform is able to quantify these forces?
A biomechanist uses a force platform to analyze an athlete's ground reaction forces during a vertical jump. Which of Newton's Laws directly explains how the force platform is able to quantify these forces?
During a bicep curl, the force exerted by the biceps muscle on the radius bone is an example of which type of force relative to the elbow joint?
During a bicep curl, the force exerted by the biceps muscle on the radius bone is an example of which type of force relative to the elbow joint?
What is the primary advantage of using a Free-Body Diagram (FBD) when analyzing the forces acting on an athlete?
What is the primary advantage of using a Free-Body Diagram (FBD) when analyzing the forces acting on an athlete?
A high jumper is airborne during a jump. In a Free-Body Diagram representing this scenario, which force always acts downwards from the athlete's center of mass?
A high jumper is airborne during a jump. In a Free-Body Diagram representing this scenario, which force always acts downwards from the athlete's center of mass?
Which of the following is the most direct consequence of lowering an athlete's center of gravity (CoG)?
Which of the following is the most direct consequence of lowering an athlete's center of gravity (CoG)?
A gymnast performing on a balance beam slightly loses balance and wobbles but recovers to maintain their position. This is an example of which type of equilibrium?
A gymnast performing on a balance beam slightly loses balance and wobbles but recovers to maintain their position. This is an example of which type of equilibrium?
An athlete is performing a handstand. Which adjustment would improve the athlete's stability?
An athlete is performing a handstand. Which adjustment would improve the athlete's stability?
An athlete completes a 100-meter race by running around a curved track, finishing where they started. Their displacement is 0m, but which of the following must be true about this?
An athlete completes a 100-meter race by running around a curved track, finishing where they started. Their displacement is 0m, but which of the following must be true about this?
A runner completes a 400m sprint around a track in 45 seconds. Which of the following is a scalar measurement of the runner's motion?
A runner completes a 400m sprint around a track in 45 seconds. Which of the following is a scalar measurement of the runner's motion?
A ball is dropped from a tall building. Assuming air resistance is negligible, what is the approximate acceleration of the ball due to gravity?
A ball is dropped from a tall building. Assuming air resistance is negligible, what is the approximate acceleration of the ball due to gravity?
A car accelerates from rest to 25 m/s in 5 seconds with constant acceleration. What is the first step in solving for the distance traveled during this time?
A car accelerates from rest to 25 m/s in 5 seconds with constant acceleration. What is the first step in solving for the distance traveled during this time?
An ice skater moves forward across the ice. When using kinematic equations to describe their motion in one dimension, what sign convention represents their forward movement?
An ice skater moves forward across the ice. When using kinematic equations to describe their motion in one dimension, what sign convention represents their forward movement?
Flashcards
Newton's First Law
Newton's First Law
An object remains at rest, or in uniform motion, unless acted upon by an external force.
What is Kinematics?
What is Kinematics?
The study of motion, focusing on space and time, without considering the forces that cause it.
Effect of Friction
Effect of Friction
Friction opposes motion; it's an external force that slows down the movement of objects.
Newton's Second Law
Newton's Second Law
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Acceleration vs. Mass
Acceleration vs. Mass
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Newton's Second Law Equation
Newton's Second Law Equation
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Newton's Third Law
Newton's Third Law
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Jumping off boat: Which law?
Jumping off boat: Which law?
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Newton’s 4th Law
Newton’s 4th Law
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Gravity vs Distance
Gravity vs Distance
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Factors of Gravity
Factors of Gravity
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Non-Contact Force
Non-Contact Force
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Internal Force
Internal Force
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Force Plates & Newton's Law
Force Plates & Newton's Law
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What Force Plates Measure
What Force Plates Measure
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Concentric Force
Concentric Force
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Eccentric Force Effect
Eccentric Force Effect
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Free-Body Diagram Use
Free-Body Diagram Use
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FBD: Downward Force
FBD: Downward Force
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CoG: What it DOESN'T do
CoG: What it DOESN'T do
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Lower CoG
Lower CoG
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Unstable Equilibrium
Unstable Equilibrium
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Distance vs Displacement
Distance vs Displacement
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Study Notes
Newton’s 1st Law: Law of Inertia
- An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- Newton’s First Law applies when an object is at rest, moving at a constant velocity, or experiencing no external force.
- Kinematics studies the description of motion in terms of space and time.
- If a soccer ball slows down while rolling, friction acts as an external force.
Newton’s 2nd Law: Law of Acceleration
- Force equals mass times acceleration.
- When applying the same force to two objects, the object with less mass accelerates more.
- The equation for Newton’s Second Law is F = m × a.
- A 10 kg object experiencing a force of 50 N accelerates at 5 m/s².
Newton’s 3rd Law: Action-Reaction
- Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force.
- When a person jumps off a boat and it moves backward, that demonstrates Newton’s Third Law.
- A swimmer pushes against the water to move forward, and the water pushing the swimmer forward is the reaction force.
Newton’s 4th Law: Law of Universal Gravitation
- Describes the force of gravity between two objects.
- As the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force between them decreases per Newton's Fourth Law.
- The force of gravity between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them.
- If Earth’s mass were doubled, the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon would increase.
Classifying Forces
- Gravity is an example of a non-contact force.
- An internal force acts within the object or system itself.
Force Platforms
- Force plates work based on Newton’s Third Law (Action-Reaction).
- Force plates measure whole-body forces when in contact with the ground.
Concentric and Eccentric Forces
- A concentric force passes through the center of gravity (CoG) of an object.
- An eccentric force causes both linear and angular motion.
Free-Body Diagrams (FBDs)
- Free-Body Diagrams (FBDs) help visualize external forces.
- When drawing an FBD for a long jumper in mid-air, gravity always acts downward from the center of mass.
Center of Gravity (CoG)
- The center of gravity (CoG) simplifies force analysis, predicts stability and balance, and affects mobility in movement.
- A lower center of gravity typically results in more stability.
Newton’s Laws & Stability
- In an unstable equilibrium, a small disturbance causes the object to move further away from its original position.
- An athlete should keep their center of gravity low and within the base of support to increase stability.
Kinematics: Distance & Displacement
- Distance refers to the total length traveled, while displacement is the straight-line change in position.
- If an athlete runs a complete lap and ends at the starting position, their displacement will be 0m.
Speed & Velocity
- Speed is a scalar quantity.
- A swimmer completing 100m in 56.88s has a speed of 1.76 m/s.
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
- The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.81 m/s².
- Uniformly accelerated motion occurs when an object moves with the same acceleration throughout.
Problem-Solving with Motion Equations
- When solving kinematic problems, the first step is to identify known and unknown quantities.
- If an object moves forward, its velocity is positive.
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Description
Explore Newton's Laws of Motion: inertia, acceleration, and action-reaction. Understand how objects behave when at rest, in motion, or subjected to external forces. Grasp the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
