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Questions and Answers
What does Newton's 1st Law state regarding the motion of an object?
What does Newton's 1st Law state regarding the motion of an object?
What is the mathematical expression representing Newton's 2nd Law?
What is the mathematical expression representing Newton's 2nd Law?
What is the significance of the weight of an object?
What is the significance of the weight of an object?
Which statement correctly describes tension in a string?
Which statement correctly describes tension in a string?
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How does friction behave between surfaces?
How does friction behave between surfaces?
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When analyzing forces on an inclined plane, which statement is true?
When analyzing forces on an inclined plane, which statement is true?
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What does the coefficient of friction (mu) represent?
What does the coefficient of friction (mu) represent?
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How should forces on an incline be resolved for analysis?
How should forces on an incline be resolved for analysis?
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Which law describes the action-reaction principle?
Which law describes the action-reaction principle?
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What force acts normal to the surface on an inclined plane?
What force acts normal to the surface on an inclined plane?
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A book is at rest on a table. Which of these forces is NOT acting on the book?
A book is at rest on a table. Which of these forces is NOT acting on the book?
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A car is accelerating at a constant rate. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A car is accelerating at a constant rate. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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A box is pulled across a rough horizontal surface with a constant velocity. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the box?
A box is pulled across a rough horizontal surface with a constant velocity. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the box?
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A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the ball as it moves upwards?
A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the ball as it moves upwards?
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A block is sliding down an inclined plane. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is increased, which of the following will happen?
A block is sliding down an inclined plane. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is increased, which of the following will happen?
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A rope is used to pull a heavy object across a horizontal surface. The rope makes an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal. What is the component of the force applied by the rope that is responsible for moving the object horizontally?
A rope is used to pull a heavy object across a horizontal surface. The rope makes an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal. What is the component of the force applied by the rope that is responsible for moving the object horizontally?
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A box is placed on a ramp that is inclined at an angle. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the box?
A box is placed on a ramp that is inclined at an angle. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the box?
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A car is driving around a circular track at a constant speed. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A car is driving around a circular track at a constant speed. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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A block is at rest on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.5. What is the maximum horizontal force that can be applied to the block before it starts to move?
A block is at rest on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.5. What is the maximum horizontal force that can be applied to the block before it starts to move?
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A ball is dropped from rest. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ball's motion?
A ball is dropped from rest. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ball's motion?
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When solving pulley questions, what is the first step?
When solving pulley questions, what is the first step?
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What is true about the tension in a pulley system?
What is true about the tension in a pulley system?
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What do you need to consider when a collision occurs or a new mass enters the problem?
What do you need to consider when a collision occurs or a new mass enters the problem?
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What is special about a 'scale pan'?
What is special about a 'scale pan'?
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What happens when a pulley has to move down a sloped surface?
What happens when a pulley has to move down a sloped surface?
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What is true about the accelerations in a system with a movable pulley?
What is true about the accelerations in a system with a movable pulley?
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What is the purpose of using a consistent sign convention?
What is the purpose of using a consistent sign convention?
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What do you need to apply to find the speed and displacement of particles falling at a constant acceleration?
What do you need to apply to find the speed and displacement of particles falling at a constant acceleration?
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What is the main difference between a movable pulley and a fixed pulley?
What is the main difference between a movable pulley and a fixed pulley?
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Study Notes
Newton's Laws
- Newton's laws describe how massive objects move and interact with each other.
- 1st Law: An object remains at rest or moves in a straight line unless a force is applied to it.
- 2nd Law: The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change of its momentum, expressed as F = ma.
- 3rd Law: Forces come in pairs, where object A exerts a force on object B, and object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.
Common Forces
- Weight: The force of gravity on objects with mass, equal to mass × acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2 on Earth).
- Reaction force: A force that occurs between two objects in contact, balancing forces like weight, and preventing them from moving through each other.
- Tension: A force that occurs when a string is being pulled, causing it to pull back, with constant tension throughout the string.
- Friction: A force that resists two surfaces trying to move past each other, with a maximum possible friction called limiting friction, proportional to the reaction force, and dependent on the coefficient of friction (mu), between 0 and 1.
Forces on an Incline
- Weight: Always acts downwards.
- Reaction: Always acts normal (perpendicular) to the plane of the surface.
- Friction: Always acts parallel to the plane.
- To analyze forces on an angled plane, resolve forces into components parallel and perpendicular to the plane, making it easier to identify balancing forces.
Newton's Laws
- Newton's laws describe how massive objects move and interact with each other.
- 1st Law: An object remains at rest or moves in a straight line unless a force is applied to it.
- 2nd Law: The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change of its momentum, expressed as F = ma.
- 3rd Law: Forces come in pairs, where object A exerts a force on object B, and object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.
Common Forces
- Weight: The force of gravity on objects with mass, equal to mass × acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2 on Earth).
- Reaction force: A force that occurs between two objects in contact, balancing forces like weight, and preventing them from moving through each other.
- Tension: A force that occurs when a string is being pulled, causing it to pull back, with constant tension throughout the string.
- Friction: A force that resists two surfaces trying to move past each other, with a maximum possible friction called limiting friction, proportional to the reaction force, and dependent on the coefficient of friction (mu), between 0 and 1.
Forces on an Incline
- Weight: Always acts downwards.
- Reaction: Always acts normal (perpendicular) to the plane of the surface.
- Friction: Always acts parallel to the plane.
- To analyze forces on an angled plane, resolve forces into components parallel and perpendicular to the plane, making it easier to identify balancing forces.
Pulleys
- A pulley system consists of objects attached to each other by a tensioned string over wheels, moving with the same speed and acceleration.
- To solve pulley problems, follow these steps:
- Add up the forces of weight and tension to find the overall force on each object.
- Use a consistent sign convention (e.g., clockwise is positive).
- Express forces in terms of acceleration using F = ma.
- Solve for unknowns.
Properties of Pulleys
- Same string = same tension.
- Different strings in a system can have different tensions.
Pulleys on an Incline
- When a pulley moves down a sloped surface, resolve the weight into components.
- Only a part of the weight pulls on the string.
Movable Pulleys
- Systems with movable pulleys can have different accelerations at different points.
- The ratio of accelerations is dependent on the weight, but directions can be swapped.
Momentum and Equations of Motion
- In collisions or when a new mass enters the problem, consider conservation of momentum.
- For particles falling at a constant acceleration, apply equations of motion to find speed and displacement.
Scale Pans
- Scale pans accelerate in the same way as ordinary masses.
- However, an extra step is needed to analyze the forces between the scale pan and the masses inside it.
- Masses have inertia, wanting to stay where they are and not move with the pan.
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Description
Understand the fundamental principles of motion and interaction between objects with Newton's laws, including the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd laws.
