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Newton's Laws of Motion
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Newton's Laws of Motion

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Questions and Answers

What does Newton's 1st Law state regarding the motion of an object?

  • An object will change its velocity if a force is not applied.
  • An object in motion will always accelerate unless a force is applied.
  • An object will eventually stop if it is not acted upon by an external force.
  • An object will remain at rest or at constant velocity unless acted upon by a force. (correct)

    • What is the mathematical expression representing Newton's 2nd Law?

  • F = mv^2
  • F = ma (correct)
  • F = m/g
  • F = m + a

    • What is the significance of the weight of an object?

  • It is the product of mass and velocity.
  • It is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration due to gravity. (correct)
  • It is constant regardless of the object's location in the universe.
  • It varies depending on the surface the object is on.

    • Which statement correctly describes tension in a string?

    <p>Tension in the string remains constant when it is being pulled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does friction behave between surfaces?

    <p>Friction opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When analyzing forces on an inclined plane, which statement is true?

    <p>Friction acts in the opposite direction of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coefficient of friction (mu) represent?

    <p>The ratio of the limiting friction to the normal force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should forces on an incline be resolved for analysis?

    <p>Into forces acting parallel and perpendicular to the incline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law describes the action-reaction principle?

    <p>3rd Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force acts normal to the surface on an inclined plane?

    <p>Reaction force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A book is at rest on a table. Which of these forces is NOT acting on the book?

    <p>The force of the book on the table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A car is accelerating at a constant rate. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

    <p>The net force acting on the car is constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A box is pulled across a rough horizontal surface with a constant velocity. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the box?

    <p>The force pulling the box is equal to the force of friction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the ball as it moves upwards?

    <p>The force of gravity and the force of air resistance are acting on the ball.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A block is sliding down an inclined plane. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is increased, which of the following will happen?

    <p>The acceleration of the block will decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A rope is used to pull a heavy object across a horizontal surface. The rope makes an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal. What is the component of the force applied by the rope that is responsible for moving the object horizontally?

    <p>The horizontal component of the force applied by the rope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A box is placed on a ramp that is inclined at an angle. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the box?

    <p>The normal force acts parallel to the ramp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A car is driving around a circular track at a constant speed. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

    <p>The car is accelerating towards the center of the circle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A block is at rest on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.5. What is the maximum horizontal force that can be applied to the block before it starts to move?

    <p>Half the weight of the block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ball is dropped from rest. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ball's motion?

    <p>The ball's acceleration is constant and equal to 9.8 m/s^2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When solving pulley questions, what is the first step?

    <p>Add up the forces of weight and tension to find the overall force on each object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the tension in a pulley system?

    <p>Same string equals same tension, but different strings may have different tensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you need to consider when a collision occurs or a new mass enters the problem?

    <p>Conservation of momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is special about a 'scale pan'?

    <p>It accelerates in the exact same way as any other mass, but we need to consider the forces between the scale pan and the masses inside it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a pulley has to move down a sloped surface?

    <p>We need to resolve the weight into components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the accelerations in a system with a movable pulley?

    <p>The accelerations may be different at different points, and the directions may all be swapped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a consistent sign convention?

    <p>To avoid confusion when adding forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you need to apply to find the speed and displacement of particles falling at a constant acceleration?

    <p>The equations of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a movable pulley and a fixed pulley?

    <p>The acceleration of the objects attached to the pulley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Newton's Laws

    • Newton's laws describe how massive objects move and interact with each other.
    • 1st Law: An object remains at rest or moves in a straight line unless a force is applied to it.
    • 2nd Law: The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change of its momentum, expressed as F = ma.
    • 3rd Law: Forces come in pairs, where object A exerts a force on object B, and object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.

    Common Forces

    • Weight: The force of gravity on objects with mass, equal to mass × acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2 on Earth).
    • Reaction force: A force that occurs between two objects in contact, balancing forces like weight, and preventing them from moving through each other.
    • Tension: A force that occurs when a string is being pulled, causing it to pull back, with constant tension throughout the string.
    • Friction: A force that resists two surfaces trying to move past each other, with a maximum possible friction called limiting friction, proportional to the reaction force, and dependent on the coefficient of friction (mu), between 0 and 1.

    Forces on an Incline

    • Weight: Always acts downwards.
    • Reaction: Always acts normal (perpendicular) to the plane of the surface.
    • Friction: Always acts parallel to the plane.
    • To analyze forces on an angled plane, resolve forces into components parallel and perpendicular to the plane, making it easier to identify balancing forces.

    Newton's Laws

    • Newton's laws describe how massive objects move and interact with each other.
    • 1st Law: An object remains at rest or moves in a straight line unless a force is applied to it.
    • 2nd Law: The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change of its momentum, expressed as F = ma.
    • 3rd Law: Forces come in pairs, where object A exerts a force on object B, and object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.

    Common Forces

    • Weight: The force of gravity on objects with mass, equal to mass × acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2 on Earth).
    • Reaction force: A force that occurs between two objects in contact, balancing forces like weight, and preventing them from moving through each other.
    • Tension: A force that occurs when a string is being pulled, causing it to pull back, with constant tension throughout the string.
    • Friction: A force that resists two surfaces trying to move past each other, with a maximum possible friction called limiting friction, proportional to the reaction force, and dependent on the coefficient of friction (mu), between 0 and 1.

    Forces on an Incline

    • Weight: Always acts downwards.
    • Reaction: Always acts normal (perpendicular) to the plane of the surface.
    • Friction: Always acts parallel to the plane.
    • To analyze forces on an angled plane, resolve forces into components parallel and perpendicular to the plane, making it easier to identify balancing forces.

    Pulleys

    • A pulley system consists of objects attached to each other by a tensioned string over wheels, moving with the same speed and acceleration.
    • To solve pulley problems, follow these steps:
      • Add up the forces of weight and tension to find the overall force on each object.
      • Use a consistent sign convention (e.g., clockwise is positive).
      • Express forces in terms of acceleration using F = ma.
      • Solve for unknowns.

    Properties of Pulleys

    • Same string = same tension.
    • Different strings in a system can have different tensions.

    Pulleys on an Incline

    • When a pulley moves down a sloped surface, resolve the weight into components.
    • Only a part of the weight pulls on the string.

    Movable Pulleys

    • Systems with movable pulleys can have different accelerations at different points.
    • The ratio of accelerations is dependent on the weight, but directions can be swapped.

    Momentum and Equations of Motion

    • In collisions or when a new mass enters the problem, consider conservation of momentum.
    • For particles falling at a constant acceleration, apply equations of motion to find speed and displacement.

    Scale Pans

    • Scale pans accelerate in the same way as ordinary masses.
    • However, an extra step is needed to analyze the forces between the scale pan and the masses inside it.
    • Masses have inertia, wanting to stay where they are and not move with the pan.

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    Understand the fundamental principles of motion and interaction between objects with Newton's laws, including the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd laws.

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