Newborn Transition and Assessment
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common sign of hypoglycemia in infants?

  • Increased appetite
  • Jitteriness (correct)
  • High temperature
  • Lethargy
  • Bilirubin levels should decrease within 24 hours after treatment.

    False (B)

    What should be done periodically to assess an infant's eyes during treatment?

    Remove the mask/eye shield.

    ___ immunity is provided by antibodies that cross the placenta.

    <p>Passive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development with their age ranges:

    <p>Sensorimotor = 0-2 years Preoperational = 2-7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be applied to an infant's eyes to avoid burns?

    <p>Ointments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active immunity is achieved through passive transfer of antibodies from a mother.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum glucose level desired for infants?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a social determinant of health?

    <p>Safe place to sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adverse childhood events (ACEs) are linked to an increased risk of adulthood obesity and depression.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the number one predictor of resiliency in adulthood?

    <p>a secure, supportive relationship early in childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PEARLS stands for pediatric early adversity and related life effect ______.

    <p>screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does PEARLS not consider?

    <p>Household cleanliness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the protective factors to their descriptions:

    <p>Positive friendships = Build a support network Caring adults = Provide guidance and support Mentors = Encourage skill development Self-esteem = Influences self-worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stressors in childhood can include factors such as bullying and trauma.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one individual protective factor that helps promote resilience in children.

    <p>having positive friendships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the formal operational stage of development typically begin?

    <p>12 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kohlberg's theory includes a focus on emotional care and coping skills.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two patterns of physical growth mentioned in the content?

    <p>Cephalocaudal and proximodistal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Language development follows a typical pattern, with ______ being more developed than ______.

    <p>receptive; expressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developmental areas with their descriptions:

    <p>Motor Development = Sitting and walking Language Development = Receptive and expressive skills Personal-Social Development = Attachment and temperament Cognitive Development = Logic and perspective-taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the safest sleep position for infants?

    <p>Back (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Co-bedding is recommended for infants under six months.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine uses a weakened form of the virus?

    <p>Live attenuated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children should be kept in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least ___ years old or weigh more than ___ lbs.

    <p>2, 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following age groups with their leading causes of death:

    <p>5-9 years = Homicide 10-14 years = Suicide 15-19 years = Accidents All ages = Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not considered a choking hazard for children?

    <p>Large pieces of chicken (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon monoxide detectors are not necessary in homes.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two main types of immunizations available?

    <p>Live attenuated and killed (inactivated)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children aged 6-19 years in the US are affected by obesity?

    <p>20-21% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is recommended that children have no screens at least one hour before bedtime.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method to prevent dental caries in children?

    <p>Regular checkups or sealants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children generally need ______ hours of sleep per night.

    <p>9-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developmental aspects with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Obesity = 20-21% prevalence in children 6-19 years Dental Health = 42% prevalence of dental caries Sleep = Need 9-10 hours of sleep per night Sexual Development = Education begins in schools in 4-5th grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice for dental care in children?

    <p>Helping kids brush until age 7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family responsibilities and chores are not considered part of effective discipline.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone's secretion is notable during sexual development?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of role confusion?

    <p>Unsure of self or role in society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kohlberg's post-conventional level emphasizes the idea that the ends can justify the means.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of sleep for adolescents per night?

    <p>8-9 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In psychosocial development, the relationship between parents and adolescents shifts from _______ to equality.

    <p>protection/dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of adolescent development with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Cognitive = Higher reasoning and impulse control Sensory = Developed vision and hearing Language = Advanced verbal expression Psychosocial = Seeking autonomy and belonging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important consideration for nursing when dealing with adolescents?

    <p>Allowing space for private conversations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Teenagers frequently experience ambiguity within their relationships with peers.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of technology on language development in adolescents?

    <p>Negative impact of abbreviated communication and influence on interpersonal skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents may engage in _______ diets as part of their body image concerns.

    <p>fad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should adolescents maintain to ensure better sleep quality?

    <p>A consistent sleep schedule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Concrete Operational Stage

    Cognitive stage (7-11 years) characterized by logical thinking, empathy, and perspective-taking.

    Formal Operational Stage

    Cognitive stage (12+ years) characterized by abstract and hypothetical thought.

    Cephalocaudal Development

    Growth pattern from head to toe.

    Proximodistal Development

    Growth pattern from the center of the body outward.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kohlberg's Theory

    Theory focusing on moral development in children and how it guides discipline

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Infant Eye Care

    Protect infant eyes with masks/shields during procedures. Remove shields periodically to assess eyes and clean with water, if needed. Avoid ointments/creams.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hypoglycemia in Premature Infants

    More common in premature infants. Signs include jitteriness, poor muscle tone, poor feeding, tachycardia/tachypnea, apnea, irritability, and lethargy. Target glucose level: 40+.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Passive Immunity (Infants)

    Immunity from the mother, crossing the placenta. Provides protection for weeks to months. Breastfeeding contributes to this immunity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Active Immunity (Infants)

    Developed by the infant's body in response to exposure and creating antibodies.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sepsis Risk in Newborns

    Increased risk of sepsis in infants with prolonged rupture of membranes. Monitor for instability in temperature, increased heart rate, and poor feeding.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Growth (Infants)

    Increase in physical size of whole or parts.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Development (Infants)

    Increase in function and complexity enabling more capabilities.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

    Cognitive development stage from birth to 2 years old, focused on sensory experiences and motor actions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Social Determinants of Health

    Factors outside of a person's control that affect their health, including access to food, housing, education, and healthcare.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs)

    Stressful or traumatic experiences during childhood that can increase the risk of health problems and challenges in adulthood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Resilience (childhood)

    The ability to cope with and recover from adversity. This is influenced by both internal traits and external supportive relationships.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Protective Factors (childhood)

    Positive influences in a child's life that can buffer them against negative experiences. These include positive relationships and supportive environments.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Self-esteem

    A child's sense of their own worth and value.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    PEARL Screening

    A screening tool used to identify children who have experienced adversity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lead Exposure (kids)

    A form of environmental danger that can negatively impact a child's development.
    It's a social determinant.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Secure Relationship (childhood)

    A loving and supportive relationship with a parent, caregiver, or mentor during childhood, a strong predictor of resilience in adulthood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Safe Sleep

    Practices to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Includes placing the baby on their back, in a firm crib, with no loose bedding or toys. Co-sleeping is not recommended.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Unintentional Falls

    A common injury among children, often occurring at home or in playgrounds. Prevention includes childproofing homes, using gates, and supervising children closely.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Car Seat Safety

    Using the right car seat for a child's age and weight is crucial. Children under 2 years old should ride rear-facing. State laws apply. Make sure the seat is installed correctly.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lead Reduction

    Protecting children from lead exposure through screenings and environmental interventions. Lead poisoning can be dangerous to a child's development.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Immunity

    The body's ability to resist infection. It's developed through the production of antibodies.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Vaccines

    Substances that stimulate the body's immune response against disease. They can be administered orally, through a spray, or by injection.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Bullying

    A significant stressor for school-age children involving repeated hurtful behavior, verbal, physical, or emotional.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Leading Causes of Death (School Age)

    Accidents (unintentional injuries), cancer, and assault (homicide) are the leading causes of death among children and adolescents. These vary with age groups.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dental Caries

    Tooth decay, also known as cavities, is a common problem among children, affecting nearly 42% of them.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dental Injury Prevention

    Protecting children's teeth from injury is essential. This includes regular checkups, cleanings, brushing, flossing, and sealants.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Screen Time Impact

    Excessive screen time can be a contributing factor to childhood obesity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Why is Sleep Important?

    Children generally need 9-10 hours of sleep per night for proper growth and development.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Physical Activity Benefits

    Engaging in a variety of activities helps children develop physically and emotionally.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Effective Discipline Techniques

    Discipline involves consistent limits, realistic expectations, and natural consequences.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sex Education for Children

    Treating sex as a normal part of growth and development is important for both girls and boys.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Community-Based Sex Education

    Sex education programs in schools and the community provide children with valuable information about puberty, relationships, and responsible choices.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Role Confusion

    A stage of identity development characterized by uncertainty about one's self and role in society. Individuals may struggle with questions like 'Who am I?' and lack a clear sense of purpose.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Post-Conventional Morality

    The highest level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory. Individuals at this stage prioritize ethical principles and universal values above societal rules or personal gain.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Brain Maturation in Adolescence

    A crucial period of brain development from age 12 to 26, characterized by increased reasoning abilities, impulse control, and emotional regulation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Abstract Thought

    The ability to think about concepts and ideas that are not physically present. It involves understanding complex relationships and imagining possibilities.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Perspective-Taking

    The ability to understand and appreciate the thoughts, feelings, and viewpoints of others, even if they differ from your own.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Decision-Making in Adolescence

    A process that becomes more sophisticated with brain development. It involves weighing consequences, considering alternatives, and prioritizing choices.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Vision and Hearing Changes

    The adolescent body undergoes physical changes, including potential vision and hearing concerns. This may include refractive errors, eye changes leading to the need for contact lens use.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Language Development

    Adolescents continue to refine their verbal expressions and their vocabulary expands. Reading plays a significant role in this development.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Seeking Autonomy

    A strong desire for independence and self-determination during adolescence. This leads to increasing responsibility and privileges, but also challenges in navigating relationships with parents.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impact of Technology

    Technology plays a major role in adolescent life, impacting their communication skills, social behaviors, and access to information. It's important to be aware of both negative and positive influences.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Newborn Transition and Assessment

    • Skin-to-skin contact is important for breastfeeding initiation and bonding
    • Lung development: 65% of fetal lung fluid is absorbed by birth
    • Surfactant is detectable by 24-25 weeks gestation
    • Its secretion increases during labor and immediately after birth
    • Steroids may be administered to increase surfactant production
    • First breath is influenced by mechanical (chest compression during birth, recoil), chemical (CO2 increase/pH decrease), and thermal factors.

    Timing and Types of Assessments

    • Assessments are performed at various intervals after birth, including 1-4 hours, 1-4 hours, 24 hours, and 1-24 hours post-birth.
    • A full physical exam may be conducted.
    • Nutritional & feeding abilities.
    • APGAR scores are taken at 1 and 5 minutes.
    • Assessments typically include pulse, respiratory rate, muscle tone, color, and reflexes.
    • The Ballard Score evaluates gestational age and maturity.

    Changes at Birth

    • Respiratory: Pulmonary alveoli open, pulmonary vascular resistance declines, and pulmonary blood flow increases.
    • Circulatory: Systemic circulation establishes, and fetal shunts close.
    • Murmurs: Pulmonary resistance falls for 4-6 weeks after birth.

    Initial Assessment and Care at Birth

    • APGAR scores (0-10) are assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to evaluate the baby's overall condition.
    • Scores between 7-10 are normal, 4-6 are below normal, and 0-3 are critical.
    • Appearance and color at birth are assessed to detect potential issues.
    • Measurements (weight, length, and head circumference) are vital in monitoring healthy growth.

    Head-to-Toe Assessment

    • Assess for anomalies, focusing on eyes and thighs
    • This occurs in the first hours of life
    • Assess skin color
    • Encourage eye-to-eye and skin-to-skin contact, initiation of first feeding for stable infants.
    • Vit K and erythromycin are necessary to prevent infection and bleeding. Prevention of hemorrhage via Vitamin K administration.
    • Prevention of eye infection with prophylactic treatment

    Fetal Circulation

    • Lungs: Vasoconstriction, low blood flow.
    • Foramen Ovale: Connects two atria, supporting brain perfusion.
    • Ductus Arteriosus: Bypasses lungs, providing lower limb perfusion.
    • Ductus Venosus: Bypasses liver.

    Infant Size

    • Small for Gestational Age (SGA), Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA), Large for Gestational Age (LGA) are determined based on percentiles.

    Prevention of eye infection

    • Ophthalmia neonatorum prevention involves prophylactic eye treatment.

    Prevention of Hemorrhage

    • Vitamin K to support clotting factors.

    Newborn Reflexes

    • Reflexes (blinking, Babinski, grasping, moro, rooting, stepping, sucking, swimming, and tonic neck) are indicative of nervous system development and regress with time.
    • These reflexes are important in assessment of a newborn's health.

    Genitalia

    • Labia majora may be darker in color
    • Pseudo menstruation (small amount of bleeding) is normal
    • Hydrocele is a fluid collection around the testicles
    • Undescended testes (cryptorchidism)

    Voiding

    • Infants void 6-8 times daily during the first few days of life
    • Color and volume of urine may vary
    • Infants need around 16-17 hours of sleep per day.

    Elimination

    • Meconium is the first stool, typically passed within 24-48 hours.
    • Breastfed babies often have yellow-brown or light-brown stools while formula-fed infants may have yellow or light-brown stools and less frequent elimination
    • Stools vary with type of feed, frequency and consistency

    Methods of Heat Loss

    • Conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation
    • Factors contributing to heat loss in infants include thin skin, blood vessels close to the surface, little subcutaneous fat, and a high surface area relative to body mass.

    Thermoregulation

    • Flexed posture minimizes surface area exposed, reducing heat loss.

    Conjugation of bilirubin

    • Liver immaturity hinders bilirubin processing, often leading to jaundice
    • Jaundice is usually observed in the first 24-36 hours or later, depending on the degree of severity

    Management of hyperbilirubinemia

    • Treatments focus on increasing bilirubin excretion.
    • Methods include phototherapy and sometimes, temporary cessation of breastfeeding.

    Well Visits and Immunizations

    • Routine check-ups are essential, with immunizations administered according to schedules tailored to the infant's age and risk level.

    Factors That Influence Development

    • A myriad of aspects can impact infant growth and development, including physical growth, nutritional intake, sleep patterns, and safety concerns.
    • The physical, neurological, motor, and social emotional development of the infant are all critical for the growing child.

    Adolescents: Development and Well-being

    • Physical changes, marked emotional shifts, and cognitive growth
    • Suicide prevention should be considered
    • Screening tools (like the CRAFFT or others) can help with substance use.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics surrounding newborn transition and assessment immediately after birth. It includes information on the importance of skin-to-skin contact, lung development, and various assessment timing and types. Additionally, it explains how to evaluate a newborn's respiratory and nutritional abilities, as well as the significance of APGAR and Ballard scores.

    More Like This

    Newborn Assessment and Care
    30 questions
    Physical Assessment of the Newborn
    30 questions

    Physical Assessment of the Newborn

    WholesomeIllumination6590 avatar
    WholesomeIllumination6590
    Newborn Assessment and Care Quiz
    50 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser