Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common sign of hypoglycemia in infants?
What is a common sign of hypoglycemia in infants?
Bilirubin levels should decrease within 24 hours after treatment.
Bilirubin levels should decrease within 24 hours after treatment.
False
What should be done periodically to assess an infant's eyes during treatment?
What should be done periodically to assess an infant's eyes during treatment?
Remove the mask/eye shield.
___ immunity is provided by antibodies that cross the placenta.
___ immunity is provided by antibodies that cross the placenta.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development with their age ranges:
Match the stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development with their age ranges:
Signup and view all the answers
What should not be applied to an infant's eyes to avoid burns?
What should not be applied to an infant's eyes to avoid burns?
Signup and view all the answers
Active immunity is achieved through passive transfer of antibodies from a mother.
Active immunity is achieved through passive transfer of antibodies from a mother.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum glucose level desired for infants?
What is the minimum glucose level desired for infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a social determinant of health?
Which of the following is a social determinant of health?
Signup and view all the answers
Adverse childhood events (ACEs) are linked to an increased risk of adulthood obesity and depression.
Adverse childhood events (ACEs) are linked to an increased risk of adulthood obesity and depression.
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered the number one predictor of resiliency in adulthood?
What is considered the number one predictor of resiliency in adulthood?
Signup and view all the answers
PEARLS stands for pediatric early adversity and related life effect ______.
PEARLS stands for pediatric early adversity and related life effect ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors does PEARLS not consider?
Which of the following factors does PEARLS not consider?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the protective factors to their descriptions:
Match the protective factors to their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Stressors in childhood can include factors such as bullying and trauma.
Stressors in childhood can include factors such as bullying and trauma.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one individual protective factor that helps promote resilience in children.
Name one individual protective factor that helps promote resilience in children.
Signup and view all the answers
At what age does the formal operational stage of development typically begin?
At what age does the formal operational stage of development typically begin?
Signup and view all the answers
Kohlberg's theory includes a focus on emotional care and coping skills.
Kohlberg's theory includes a focus on emotional care and coping skills.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two patterns of physical growth mentioned in the content?
What are the two patterns of physical growth mentioned in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
Language development follows a typical pattern, with ______ being more developed than ______.
Language development follows a typical pattern, with ______ being more developed than ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following developmental areas with their descriptions:
Match the following developmental areas with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the safest sleep position for infants?
What is the safest sleep position for infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Co-bedding is recommended for infants under six months.
Co-bedding is recommended for infants under six months.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of vaccine uses a weakened form of the virus?
What type of vaccine uses a weakened form of the virus?
Signup and view all the answers
Children should be kept in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least ___ years old or weigh more than ___ lbs.
Children should be kept in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least ___ years old or weigh more than ___ lbs.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following age groups with their leading causes of death:
Match the following age groups with their leading causes of death:
Signup and view all the answers
What is not considered a choking hazard for children?
What is not considered a choking hazard for children?
Signup and view all the answers
Carbon monoxide detectors are not necessary in homes.
Carbon monoxide detectors are not necessary in homes.
Signup and view all the answers
What are two main types of immunizations available?
What are two main types of immunizations available?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of children aged 6-19 years in the US are affected by obesity?
What percentage of children aged 6-19 years in the US are affected by obesity?
Signup and view all the answers
It is recommended that children have no screens at least one hour before bedtime.
It is recommended that children have no screens at least one hour before bedtime.
Signup and view all the answers
What is one method to prevent dental caries in children?
What is one method to prevent dental caries in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Children generally need ______ hours of sleep per night.
Children generally need ______ hours of sleep per night.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following developmental aspects with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following developmental aspects with their corresponding descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a recommended practice for dental care in children?
Which of the following is a recommended practice for dental care in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Family responsibilities and chores are not considered part of effective discipline.
Family responsibilities and chores are not considered part of effective discipline.
Signup and view all the answers
What hormone's secretion is notable during sexual development?
What hormone's secretion is notable during sexual development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major characteristic of role confusion?
What is a major characteristic of role confusion?
Signup and view all the answers
Kohlberg's post-conventional level emphasizes the idea that the ends can justify the means.
Kohlberg's post-conventional level emphasizes the idea that the ends can justify the means.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended amount of sleep for adolescents per night?
What is the recommended amount of sleep for adolescents per night?
Signup and view all the answers
In psychosocial development, the relationship between parents and adolescents shifts from _______ to equality.
In psychosocial development, the relationship between parents and adolescents shifts from _______ to equality.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following aspects of adolescent development with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following aspects of adolescent development with their corresponding descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an important consideration for nursing when dealing with adolescents?
Which of the following is an important consideration for nursing when dealing with adolescents?
Signup and view all the answers
Teenagers frequently experience ambiguity within their relationships with peers.
Teenagers frequently experience ambiguity within their relationships with peers.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the effects of technology on language development in adolescents?
What are the effects of technology on language development in adolescents?
Signup and view all the answers
Adolescents may engage in _______ diets as part of their body image concerns.
Adolescents may engage in _______ diets as part of their body image concerns.
Signup and view all the answers
What should adolescents maintain to ensure better sleep quality?
What should adolescents maintain to ensure better sleep quality?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Newborn Transition and Assessment
- Skin-to-skin contact is important for breastfeeding initiation and bonding
- Lung development: 65% of fetal lung fluid is absorbed by birth
- Surfactant is detectable by 24-25 weeks gestation
- Its secretion increases during labor and immediately after birth
- Steroids may be administered to increase surfactant production
- First breath is influenced by mechanical (chest compression during birth, recoil), chemical (CO2 increase/pH decrease), and thermal factors.
Timing and Types of Assessments
- Assessments are performed at various intervals after birth, including 1-4 hours, 1-4 hours, 24 hours, and 1-24 hours post-birth.
- A full physical exam may be conducted.
- Nutritional & feeding abilities.
- APGAR scores are taken at 1 and 5 minutes.
- Assessments typically include pulse, respiratory rate, muscle tone, color, and reflexes.
- The Ballard Score evaluates gestational age and maturity.
Changes at Birth
- Respiratory: Pulmonary alveoli open, pulmonary vascular resistance declines, and pulmonary blood flow increases.
- Circulatory: Systemic circulation establishes, and fetal shunts close.
- Murmurs: Pulmonary resistance falls for 4-6 weeks after birth.
Initial Assessment and Care at Birth
- APGAR scores (0-10) are assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to evaluate the baby's overall condition.
- Scores between 7-10 are normal, 4-6 are below normal, and 0-3 are critical.
- Appearance and color at birth are assessed to detect potential issues.
- Measurements (weight, length, and head circumference) are vital in monitoring healthy growth.
Head-to-Toe Assessment
- Assess for anomalies, focusing on eyes and thighs
- This occurs in the first hours of life
- Assess skin color
- Encourage eye-to-eye and skin-to-skin contact, initiation of first feeding for stable infants.
- Vit K and erythromycin are necessary to prevent infection and bleeding. Prevention of hemorrhage via Vitamin K administration.
- Prevention of eye infection with prophylactic treatment
Fetal Circulation
- Lungs: Vasoconstriction, low blood flow.
- Foramen Ovale: Connects two atria, supporting brain perfusion.
- Ductus Arteriosus: Bypasses lungs, providing lower limb perfusion.
- Ductus Venosus: Bypasses liver.
Infant Size
- Small for Gestational Age (SGA), Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA), Large for Gestational Age (LGA) are determined based on percentiles.
Prevention of eye infection
- Ophthalmia neonatorum prevention involves prophylactic eye treatment.
Prevention of Hemorrhage
- Vitamin K to support clotting factors.
Newborn Reflexes
- Reflexes (blinking, Babinski, grasping, moro, rooting, stepping, sucking, swimming, and tonic neck) are indicative of nervous system development and regress with time.
- These reflexes are important in assessment of a newborn's health.
Genitalia
- Labia majora may be darker in color
- Pseudo menstruation (small amount of bleeding) is normal
- Hydrocele is a fluid collection around the testicles
- Undescended testes (cryptorchidism)
Voiding
- Infants void 6-8 times daily during the first few days of life
- Color and volume of urine may vary
- Infants need around 16-17 hours of sleep per day.
Elimination
- Meconium is the first stool, typically passed within 24-48 hours.
- Breastfed babies often have yellow-brown or light-brown stools while formula-fed infants may have yellow or light-brown stools and less frequent elimination
- Stools vary with type of feed, frequency and consistency
Methods of Heat Loss
- Conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation
- Factors contributing to heat loss in infants include thin skin, blood vessels close to the surface, little subcutaneous fat, and a high surface area relative to body mass.
Thermoregulation
- Flexed posture minimizes surface area exposed, reducing heat loss.
Conjugation of bilirubin
- Liver immaturity hinders bilirubin processing, often leading to jaundice
- Jaundice is usually observed in the first 24-36 hours or later, depending on the degree of severity
Management of hyperbilirubinemia
- Treatments focus on increasing bilirubin excretion.
- Methods include phototherapy and sometimes, temporary cessation of breastfeeding.
Well Visits and Immunizations
- Routine check-ups are essential, with immunizations administered according to schedules tailored to the infant's age and risk level.
Factors That Influence Development
- A myriad of aspects can impact infant growth and development, including physical growth, nutritional intake, sleep patterns, and safety concerns.
- The physical, neurological, motor, and social emotional development of the infant are all critical for the growing child.
Adolescents: Development and Well-being
- Physical changes, marked emotional shifts, and cognitive growth
- Suicide prevention should be considered
- Screening tools (like the CRAFFT or others) can help with substance use.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential topics surrounding newborn transition and assessment immediately after birth. It includes information on the importance of skin-to-skin contact, lung development, and various assessment timing and types. Additionally, it explains how to evaluate a newborn's respiratory and nutritional abilities, as well as the significance of APGAR and Ballard scores.
