Newborn Screening for Diseases and Genetic Conditions
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of an episiotomy during labor?

  • To help the baby breathe
  • To increase the size of the opening of the vagina (correct)
  • To protect the cervix
  • To increase the size of the baby's head

    • During which stage of labor does the cervix fully open?

  • Stage 1 (correct)
  • Throughout all stages
  • Stage 2
  • Stage 3

    • What is the average duration of the second stage of labor?

  • Around 120 minutes
  • Around 60 minutes
  • Around 90 minutes (correct)
  • Around 30 minutes

    • How often do uterine contractions initially occur during labor?

    <p>Every 8 to 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do contractions become more frequent towards the end of labor?

    <p>Every 2 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of the second stage of labor?

    <p>The placenta is expelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing the duration of the first stage of labor?

    <p>The mother's age, race, ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of newborn screening for diseases and genetic conditions?

    <p>To prevent future health problems through early detection and intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many disorders does the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) recommend newborns be screened for?

    <p>35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance covers the newborn after birth and helps smooth the passage through the birth canal?

    <p>Vernix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the chapter, what is emphasized about the role of heredity in determining human traits?

    <p>Heredity is virtually never the sole factor in any complex trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be detected from a tiny amount of blood drawn from an infant's heel during newborn screening?

    <p>Genetic disorders and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to screen newborns for a variety of disorders shortly after birth?

    <p>To allow for early treatment of conditions that may otherwise remain undetected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key takeaways regarding environmental factors from the chapter?

    <p>Environment nearly always plays an important role in determining traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of disorder is isovaleric acidemia, mentioned in the text?

    <p>A metabolic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the chapter, what can be inferred about the Chens’ decision to permit in utero surgery for their son with spina bifida?

    <p>It was a carefully considered decision involving both hereditary and environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of newborn screening as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It permits early treatment of conditions that might go unnoticed for years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded from the statement that 'heredity is virtually never the sole factor in any complex trait'?

    <p>Complex traits are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chapter suggest optimizing the prenatal environment for the fetus?

    <p>By taking measures to counteract threats and enhance conditions for fetal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chapter imply about the relationship between folic acid intake and incidents of spina bifida?

    <p>Folic acid intake contributes to incidents of spina bifida as an environmental factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chapter highlight the importance of understanding genetic and environmental factors in prenatal development?

    <p>By emphasizing the interaction between heredity and environment in fetal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were hospital stays for new mothers reduced to 24 hours following birth in the United States?

    <p>To reduce costs as advocated by medical insurance companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the average post-delivery hospital stay in the United States compare to countries like Ukraine and Moldova?

    <p>It is shorter in the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with premature discharge of newborns from hospitals?

    <p>Increase in maternal bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do medical care providers believe that longer stays benefit mothers after childbirth?

    <p>To ensure better rest and satisfaction for mothers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average post-delivery hospital stay in the 1970s for a normal birth?

    <p>4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did medical insurance companies play in reducing post-delivery hospital stays?

    <p>Pushed for shorter stays to cut costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does early discharge from hospitals affect newborns?

    <p>Increases risk of infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which countries do mothers routinely stay longer after delivery compared to the United States?

    <p>Ukraine and Moldova</p> Signup and view all the answers

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