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Questions and Answers
What is the primary population affected by Sickle Cell Disease?
What disorder is characterized by an inability to process certain amino acids and has a maple syrup odor in urine?
What is one of the potential risks associated with untreated Sickle Cell Disease?
At what age does the crawling reflex in newborns typically disappear?
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What is a consequence of untreated Maple Syrup Urine Disease?
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What percentage of births does Sickle Cell Disease occur in Hispanic Americans?
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How does Homocystinuria primarily affect individuals?
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What is a common treatment goal for individuals diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease?
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What is the normal range for a newborn's heart rate?
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Which term describes a newborn with a birth weight less than 10% for their gestational age?
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At what gestational age is a newborn considered Full Term?
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What is the normal respiration rate for a newborn?
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What physical characteristic is typically seen in term newborns due to increased red blood cell concentration?
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What classification applies to a newborn with a birth weight between the 10th and 90th percentiles?
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What is indicated by peripheral cyanosis in a newborn?
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What is the typical crown to heel length range for term newborns?
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What might an infant with a single palmar crease indicate?
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What condition is indicated by the presence of one or both undescended testicles in males?
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How are the sole creases in a full-term newborn typically described?
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What does the presence of deep creases over the foot indicate in a post-mature infant?
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What happens to mucous vaginal secretion in female newborns after hormone clearance?
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When does the Moro reflex typically disappear in infants?
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What condition is characterized by labia majora fully covering labia minora in female newborns?
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What might be indicated if an infant has a partial sole crease covering the upper two-thirds?
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What is a key characteristic of the Doll’s Eye reflex in infants?
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What is indicated by one artery being present in the umbilical cord?
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What triggers the gag reflex in infants?
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Which reflex disappears by 2 months of age?
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What reflex should disappear by 12 months of age?
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At what gestational age is the Puppillary Reflex fully established?
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Which reflex involves the infant grasping an examiner's finger?
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What physiological response occurs during the yawn reflex in infants?
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At what age should a newborn's screening test ideally be performed after delivery?
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What is the maximum age a newborn in the ICU can be tested for screening?
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What is the response of an infant during the Extrusion Reflex?
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What condition involves the head held to one side with the chin pointing to the opposite side?
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Which activity should be done to correct torticollis positioning?
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If an infant is discharged before 24 hours of age, what must be done?
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How is the Babinski reflex elicited in infants?
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What is the time frame for collecting a newborn screening test specimen after birth?
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Study Notes
Newborn Screening and Health
- Importance of repeat testing for newborns before one week of age to ensure accurate health assessment.
- Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited disorder prevalent in African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, leading to anemia and complications.
- Affects 1 in 365 African American births; early diagnosis can mitigate risks of severe infections, blood clots, and stroke.
Inherited Disorders
- Homocystinuria occurs in 1 in 200,000 individuals, causing intellectual disability and blood clots due to amino acid processing issues.
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease commonly found in Mennonite populations, dangerous if untreated in the first two weeks, characterized by sweet-smelling urine.
Vital Signs in Newborns
- Normal respiratory rate: 40-60 breaths/min.
- Normal heart rate: 120-140 beats/min.
- Normal body temperature: 36.5-37.5°C.
Newborn Characteristics
- Skin color changes: Ruddy complexion in term newborns due to increased red blood cell concentration, fading over the first month.
- Peripheral cyanosis is common due to immature circulation.
Growth Percentiles
- Small for Gestational Age (SGA): less than 10% for weight.
- Large for Gestational Age (LGA): more than 90% for weight.
- Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA): between 10-90% for weight.
Reflexes in Newborns
- Crawling Reflex: Disappears at 6 weeks; indicates readiness for movement.
- Moro Reflex: Head turning response to stimuli; persists throughout life.
- Gag Reflex: Elicited by touch in the throat; protects airway.
- Extrusion Reflex: Infants push food out with their tongue; disappears by 4 months.
- Babinski Reflex: The flexion of toes when the sole of the foot is stimulated; disappears by 12 months.
Anatomical Observations
- Male genitalia: Scrotum is pendulous, presence of undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) warrants further evaluation.
- Female genitalia: Labia majora covers labia minora, with possible mucous discharge post-birth.
- Sole creases in babies indicating gestational age; full-term babies have extensive creases.
Newborn Screening Act of 2004
- Screening tests must occur within 24-48 hours after birth, with testing in the ICU required to be completed by seven days of age.
- Specimens must be collected before hospital discharge if under 24 hours old.
Additional Reflexes and Responses
- Sneezing, Glabellar reflex, and Yawning: Responses to stimulation, generally persisting throughout life.
- Torticollis (Wry Neck) may develop due to positioning in the womb, requires gentle stretching exercises.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the critical aspects of newborn screening and the health conditions that affect infants. This quiz covers the importance of early testing, inherited disorders, vital signs, and characteristics of newborns. Ensure you are well-informed about common issues such as Sickle Cell Disease and Homocystinuria.
