Newborn Respiratory Assessment Quiz

Newborn Respiratory Assessment

• Normal respiratory rate range for newborns: 30-60 breaths per minute
• Essential equipment for assessing respiratory rate: Stethoscope
• Normal finding in respiratory assessment: Regular, even breathing with no retractions, grunting, or nasal flaring
• Blood pressure measurement is essential: In cases of suspected cardiovascular compromise, prematurity, or respiratory distress
• Abnormal respiratory findings: Apnea, tachypnea, retractions, cyanosis, grunting
• Preferred method for assessing blood pressure: Oscillometric method
• Blood pressure cuff positioning: Cuff should be placed on the upper arm, snugly but not too tight.
• Action if prolonged apnea with color change: Stimulate newborn by gently rubbing back or feet. If apnea persists, call for assistance.

Newborn Physical Assessment

• Five categories for scoring a newborn's health status: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR)
• Preparation for newborn assessment: Ensure the area is warm, well-lit, and private.
• Positioning on the scale for weight assessment: Newborn should be placed on the scale with the head centered and the body lying flat.
• Weight range for a full-term newborn: 5.5 - 8.8 pounds (2.5 - 4 kilograms)
• Abnormal finding in weight assessment: Weight outside of the normal range, significant weight loss, or failure to gain weight.
• Purpose of measuring a newborn’s length: To assess overall growth and development.
• Recording length: Measure from the top of the head to the heel of the foot. Record in centimeters or inches.
• Normal length of a full-term newborn: 19 to 21 inches (48 to 53 cm)
• Normal blood pressure range at birth: Systolic 60-80 mmHg, Diastolic 40-50 mmHg
• Gradient between upper and lower extremities exceeding 10 mmHg: May indicate coarctation of the aorta.
• Importance of quick examination: To minimize disturbance and stress for the newborn.
• Typical newborn behavior during assessment: Quiet, alert, and responsive to stimuli.
• Acrocyanosis in newborns: Blue extremities (hands and feet) due to poor circulation, a common finding and usually resolves on its own.
• Skin condition in post-term newborns: Leathery skin, peeling, and wrinkling
• Skin colors warranting further assessment: Pallor, jaundice, cyanosis
• Assessing muscle tone: Observe the newborn's posture, spontaneous movements, and response to stimuli.
• Blanching the skin: To assess for capillary refill, a measure of blood flow to peripheral tissues.
• Conditions indicating poor perfusion: Delayed capillary refill, mottled skin, and acrocyanosis.
• Lanugo presence in newborns: Soft fine hair that covers the body, indicating a normal newborn.
• Harmless growth of tiny blood vessels: Hemangiomas, stork bites, or salmon patches
• Key characteristic of pathological jaundice: Jaundice present at birth or within 24 hours of birth.
• Erythema toxicum appearance: Benign rash with red blotches, often accompanied by white pustules.
• Association with central cyanosis: Blue discoloration of the face, lips, and trunk, indicating decreased oxygen levels.
• Café au lait spots appearance: Flat, light brown spots on the skin.
• Assessment during auscultation of lungs: Listen for breath sounds, rate, and character.
• Normal respiratory function indication: Clear breath sounds in all lung fields, regular rate, and absence of wheezing or rales.
• Signs of respiratory distress: Nasal flaring, retractions, grunting, tachypnea, or cyanosis.
• Fractured clavicle assessment: Palpate the clavicle for tenderness or crepitus.
• Stethoscope position for chest auscultation: Listen over the apex of the heart, then move down toward the base.
• Abnormal respiratory finding: Wheezing in a newborn, a concerning sign as it may indicate airway obstruction in newborn infants.
• Observation during breast inspection: Size, appearance, and any signs of swelling or discharge.
• Newborn positioning for clavicle fracture assessment: Gently rotate the newborn's shoulders and check for tenderness or crepitus.
• Normal breast bud size: Pea-sized or smaller.
• Abnormal finding during breast examination: Swelling, redness, or discharge.
• Normal bowel sounds after birth: Active bowel sounds heard throughout the abdomen.
• Potential intestinal obstruction: Absence of bowel sounds or high-pitched bowel sounds.
• Umbilical cord inspection: Examine the cord for signs of bleeding, infection, or abnormal appearance.
• Tense and firm abdomen indication: Possible abdominal distention due to gas accumulation, fluid buildup, or an obstruction.
• Equipment NOT needed for pain assessment: Laryngoscope.
• Abnormal abdominal finding: Distention.