Newborn Physical Examination

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What is the term used to describe the exaggerated spinal curvature caused by stooped shoulders and large breasts?

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Hyperlordosis (correct)

Scoliosis

Which joint instability contributes to the 'waddling' gait of late pregnancy?

Sacroiliac joints (correct)

Shoulder joints

Hip joints

Knee joints

What is the term for the sign shown in Figure 22.64 where a child uses their hands to climb up their legs from a seated to standing position due to weakness in the pelvis, hips, and thighs?

Genu valgum

Genu varum

Heberden's nodes

Gower sign (correct)

Which syndrome might be experienced during the last trimester of pregnancy due to associated fluid retention?

Carpal tunnel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

When assessing for lumbosacral hyperextension, where should the distance be palpated on the patient's spine?

Between L4 and S1 spinal processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of inspecting the lower back of a newborn?

To look for signs like tufts of hair, dimples, cysts near the spine Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to place the newborn in a fetal position during examination?

To observe how spinal curvature may affect extremity shape Signup and view all the answers

Which action indicates proper development in an infant at about 2 months of age?

Ability to lift the head and trunk from the prone position Signup and view all the answers

In what position should you observe an infant to assess spinal curvature?

Sitting position Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by finding asymmetric flexion of arms and legs in a newborn?

Contributions from fetal positioning effects Signup and view all the answers

What should you pay particular attention to when inspecting the bones, joints, and muscles of a child?

The alignment of the legs and feet Signup and view all the answers

Which sitting posture places stress on the joints of the hips, knees, and ankles in children?

W position or reverse tailor position Signup and view all the answers

At what age should the longitudinal arch of the foot be apparent when not bearing weight?

3 years Signup and view all the answers

Which examination method is used to assess for tibial torsion in a child?

Aligning the midline of the foot parallel to the femur Signup and view all the answers

What is tibial torsion considered to be, in terms of its relation to fetal positioning?

An effect expected to resolve within several years after weight bearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers in infants?

To detect hip dislocation or subluxation Signup and view all the answers

In infant limb examination, how is spasticity or flaccidity typically assessed?

By palpating for muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is recommended for evaluating joint mobility in infants?

Passive range of motion exercises Signup and view all the answers

What can a split shape indicate when examining an infant, according to the text?

Bifid defect Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected curvature described in the text when examining an infant's thoracic and lumbar spine?

Kyphosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common finding in newborns related to the foot positioning?

Midline of the foot bisecting the third and fourth toes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition often associated with a single crease extending across the entire palm in newborns?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow tibial torsion and metatarsus adductus variations carefully in infants?

Although rare, they may require intervention as growth and development take place Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be an indicator of a fractured clavicle in a newborn?

Lump on the collarbone caused by the callus forming on the healing clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What should be observed in the hands of a newborn to check for potential genetic conditions?

Palmar and phalangeal creases Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Allis sign indicate during examination?

Hip dislocation Signup and view all the answers

How is general muscle strength evaluated in a newborn during examination?

By assessing shoulder muscle strength in vertical suspension Signup and view all the answers

What might proximal muscle weakness in an infant indicate during examination?

Shoulder muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

What is a common observation of young children's spine during examination?

Lumbar curvature Signup and view all the answers

During musculoskeletal examination, what can an observer learn by watching a toddler play?

Shoulder muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis?

Having a history of multiple pregnancies Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of muscle tone disorders in infants according to the text?

Perinatal asphyxia Signup and view all the answers

In older adults, which factor is NOT commonly associated with weakness?

Weakness associated with easy activity Signup and view all the answers

What might be indicated by a change in exercise endurance and the loss of ability to perform sudden movements in the musculoskeletal system?

Potential joint abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT a possible risk factor for osteoporosis according to the text?

Frequent bone mineral density screenings Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of arm or leg pain as described in the text?

Overweight or obesity Signup and view all the answers

What might be a possible cause of muscle cramps in pregnant patients based on the text?

Lack of aerobic exercise Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential consequence of maternal infections during pregnancy according to the text?

Increased likelihood of premature birth Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential sign of osteoporosis based on the risk factors listed in the text?

Family history of osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers