Newborn Physical Examination
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the exaggerated spinal curvature caused by stooped shoulders and large breasts?

  • Kyphosis
  • Lordosis
  • Hyperlordosis (correct)
  • Scoliosis
  • Which joint instability contributes to the 'waddling' gait of late pregnancy?

  • Sacroiliac joints (correct)
  • Shoulder joints
  • Hip joints
  • Knee joints
  • What is the term for the sign shown in Figure 22.64 where a child uses their hands to climb up their legs from a seated to standing position due to weakness in the pelvis, hips, and thighs?

  • Genu valgum
  • Genu varum
  • Heberden's nodes
  • Gower sign (correct)
  • Which syndrome might be experienced during the last trimester of pregnancy due to associated fluid retention?

    <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing for lumbosacral hyperextension, where should the distance be palpated on the patient's spine?

    <p>Between L4 and S1 spinal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of inspecting the lower back of a newborn?

    <p>To look for signs like tufts of hair, dimples, cysts near the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to place the newborn in a fetal position during examination?

    <p>To observe how spinal curvature may affect extremity shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action indicates proper development in an infant at about 2 months of age?

    <p>Ability to lift the head and trunk from the prone position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position should you observe an infant to assess spinal curvature?

    <p>Sitting position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by finding asymmetric flexion of arms and legs in a newborn?

    <p>Contributions from fetal positioning effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you pay particular attention to when inspecting the bones, joints, and muscles of a child?

    <p>The alignment of the legs and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sitting posture places stress on the joints of the hips, knees, and ankles in children?

    <p>W position or reverse tailor position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should the longitudinal arch of the foot be apparent when not bearing weight?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination method is used to assess for tibial torsion in a child?

    <p>Aligning the midline of the foot parallel to the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tibial torsion considered to be, in terms of its relation to fetal positioning?

    <p>An effect expected to resolve within several years after weight bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers in infants?

    <p>To detect hip dislocation or subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In infant limb examination, how is spasticity or flaccidity typically assessed?

    <p>By palpating for muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is recommended for evaluating joint mobility in infants?

    <p>Passive range of motion exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a split shape indicate when examining an infant, according to the text?

    <p>Bifid defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected curvature described in the text when examining an infant's thoracic and lumbar spine?

    <p>Kyphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in newborns related to the foot positioning?

    <p>Midline of the foot bisecting the third and fourth toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition often associated with a single crease extending across the entire palm in newborns?

    <p>Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to follow tibial torsion and metatarsus adductus variations carefully in infants?

    <p>Although rare, they may require intervention as growth and development take place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be an indicator of a fractured clavicle in a newborn?

    <p>Lump on the collarbone caused by the callus forming on the healing clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be observed in the hands of a newborn to check for potential genetic conditions?

    <p>Palmar and phalangeal creases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Allis sign indicate during examination?

    <p>Hip dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is general muscle strength evaluated in a newborn during examination?

    <p>By assessing shoulder muscle strength in vertical suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might proximal muscle weakness in an infant indicate during examination?

    <p>Shoulder muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common observation of young children's spine during examination?

    <p>Lumbar curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During musculoskeletal examination, what can an observer learn by watching a toddler play?

    <p>Shoulder muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis?

    <p>Having a history of multiple pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of muscle tone disorders in infants according to the text?

    <p>Perinatal asphyxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In older adults, which factor is NOT commonly associated with weakness?

    <p>Weakness associated with easy activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be indicated by a change in exercise endurance and the loss of ability to perform sudden movements in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Potential joint abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT a possible risk factor for osteoporosis according to the text?

    <p>Frequent bone mineral density screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of arm or leg pain as described in the text?

    <p>Overweight or obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a possible cause of muscle cramps in pregnant patients based on the text?

    <p>Lack of aerobic exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential consequence of maternal infections during pregnancy according to the text?

    <p>Increased likelihood of premature birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a potential sign of osteoporosis based on the risk factors listed in the text?

    <p>Family history of osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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