Newborn-Infant Physical
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct definition of a term infant?

  • Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
  • Birth exactly at 41 weeks gestational age
  • Birth after 42 weeks gestational age
  • Birth between 37 weeks and 41 weeks 6 days gestational age (correct)

    • Which of the following is part of the initial exam for a newborn?

  • Chest exam (correct)
  • Vision screening
  • Behavioral assessment
  • Assessing for congenital diseases

    • What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K to a newborn?

  • Reduce jaundice
  • Promote blood clotting (correct)
  • Prevent respiratory distress syndrome
  • Enhance glucose levels

    • At what times are the APGAR scores typically assessed?

    <p>At 1 minute and 5 minutes of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies a positive adjustment to extrauterine life in a newborn?

    <p>Periods of reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the first stage of reactivity in newborns?

    <p>Initial period of activity lasting from birth to 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'floppy' generally indicate regarding a newborn's condition?

    <p>Poor muscle tone and potential complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential part of stabilizing a newborn in the delivery room?

    <p>Warm environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'post term' in relation to gestational age?

    <p>Birth at 42 weeks or later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing a warm environment for a newborn immediately after birth?

    <p>Maintain normal body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment occurs during the initial exam of a newborn in the delivery room?

    <p>Airway and general assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of reactivity does a newborn experience initial activity after birth?

    <p>Stage 1: Initial Period of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the presence of periods of reactivity in a newborn indicate?

    <p>Positive adjustment to extrauterine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential consideration before starting an examination of a newborn?

    <p>Ensuring proper lighting and minimal noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what points is the APGAR score assessed?

    <p>1 minute and 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of a newborn described as 'floppy' immediately after birth?

    <p>Low muscle tone and decreased responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum gestational age defined for a term/full-term infant?

    <p>41 weeks 6 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which APGAR score indicates that immediate intervention may be necessary?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period do newborns typically experience their first period of activity?

    <p>Birth to 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a key component during the stabilization of a newborn in the delivery room?

    <p>Drying and suctioning the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical parameter assessed in the initial evaluation of a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual indication of a newborn being classified as 'low birth weight'?

    <p>Less than 2500 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment occurs before beginning an examination of a newborn?

    <p>Determination of APGAR score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected heart rate of a vigorous newborn at 1 minute post-birth?

    <p>150 BPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes a newborn born at 36 weeks gestational age?

    <p>Pre-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a newborn exhibiting good flexion during the APGAR assessment?

    <p>Suggests good muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period of reactivity do newborns generally experience a phase of relative inactivity?

    <p>Stage 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point in time after birth is the APGAR score assessed for the second time?

    <p>At 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering ophthalmic ointment to a newborn?

    <p>To prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered during the immediate stabilization of a newborn in the delivery room?

    <p>Determining blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a heart rate of 120 BPM in a newborn suggest during the initial examination?

    <p>Possible distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a low birth weight (LBW) have on a newborn’s care immediately after birth?

    <p>Greater risk of respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the purpose of stabilizing a newborn in the delivery room?

    <p>To ensure the newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life is assessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second stage of reactivity in newborns signify?

    <p>A period where the newborn is relatively inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could a heart rate of 180 BPM at 5 minutes suggest about a newborn's condition?

    <p>The newborn's cardiovascular system is responding well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the environment recommended for a newborn immediately after birth?

    <p>Warm, well-lit, and with low noise levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the absence of periods of reactivity in a newborn?

    <p>A possible health concern requiring intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical action is taken if the APGAR score is low after the first assessment?

    <p>Administration of resuscitative measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do low birth weight newborns typically affect care approaches immediately after birth?

    <p>They may require closer monitoring due to increased risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a newborn's behavior if they are described as 'floppy' during the initial examination?

    <p>Presenting with poor muscle tone and weak response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a newborn scoring low on the APGAR assessment at 1 minute?

    <p>It generally indicates immediate emergency intervention is required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics can complicate the transition of a baby born pre-term?

    <p>Higher likelihood of congenital anomalies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior observed in newborns during the second stage of reactivity?

    <p>Increased activity with stable vital signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary concern in the delivery room if a newborn shows persistent blue coloration after the first minute?

    <p>Assessment for respiratory distress or congenital heart issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a 'warm environment' crucial in the immediate post-birth phase for infants?

    <p>It helps stabilize the infant's temperature and prevents hypothermia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of score is determined by evaluating a newborn's heart rate, muscle tone, and reflexes shortly after birth?

    <p>APGAR Score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected response if a newborn is described as 'floppy' during the initial examination?

    <p>Immediate resuscitation measures may be necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which timeframe is the stabilization of the delivery room most critical?

    <p>Immediately following birth, within the first few minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a heart rate of 150 BPM indicate about a newborn at 1 minute post-birth?

    <p>The newborn is reacting positively to stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios aligns with the definition of a newborn being described as 'floppy'?

    <p>Infant has weak muscle tone and minimal spontaneous movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does a low APGAR score at 1 minute have for the newborn's condition?

    <p>The newborn requires immediate attention and possible intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the second period of reactivity in newborns?

    <p>The infant shows increased responsiveness and periods of active behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the delivery room, what does a low birth weight (LBW) newborn necessitate?

    <p>Use of specialized equipment to regulate temperature and nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic signifies a newborn's positive adjustment to extrauterine life?

    <p>Regular periods of reactivity during the initial hours following birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial assessment performed before the examination of a newborn to ensure their well-being?

    <p>Observation of the newborn’s color and tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assessing a newborn, what is the recommended response if the infant's APGAR score does not improve after 5 minutes?

    <p>Consider advanced resuscitation measures and seek immediate help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of determining APGAR scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life?

    <p>It assesses the newborn's need for immediate medical intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is crucial for ensuring the safety and welfare of a newborn immediately after birth?

    <p>Assessing and ensuring a warm environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of reactivity would you expect a newborn to display periods of increased alertness and activity?

    <p>Second Period of Reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is least likely to influence newborn stabilization after delivery?

    <p>The newborn's gender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition best describes a post-term newborn?

    <p>Born over 42 weeks gestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a heart rate of 120 BPM indicate about a newborn's condition shortly after birth?

    <p>The newborn displays normal cardiac functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'low birth weight' refer to regarding newborns?

    <p>A weight less than 2500 grams at birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is most indicative of a newborn's positive adjustment to extrauterine life?

    <p>Periods of reactivity indicating a normal transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age is a newborn categorized as 'post term'?

    <p>42 weeks or greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication that a newborn is positively adjusting to extrauterine life?

    <p>Presence of crying and good flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the initial exam performed on a newborn in the delivery room?

    <p>To determine the newborn's immediate adaptation to life outside the womb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of reactivity is a newborn expected to show the initial period of activity after birth?

    <p>Stage 1: Initial Period of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an APGAR score of 5 at 1 minute imply for a newborn?

    <p>Severe distress indicating immediate intervention is necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological parameter is not typically evaluated during the initial stabilization of a newborn?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of periods of reactivity indicate regarding a newborn's state?

    <p>A positive adjustment to extrauterine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most critical for the environment in which a newborn is stabilized after birth?

    <p>Warmth and minimal noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Newborn Definitions

    • Newborn/Infant: From birth to 28 days of life
    • Pre-term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth between 37 weeks and 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term: Birth at 42 weeks or more gestational age

    Newborn Stabilization in the Delivery Room

    • Initial care:
      • Dry and suction the newborn
      • Determine APGAR Scores
      • Initial Exam: Airway, General, chest, abdomen
      • Complete exam delayed until infant admitted to nursery
      • Vitamin K Administration: 1 mg IM
      • Ophthalmic ointment application for infection prophylaxis
      • Glucose Evaluation

    Apgar Score

    • Assesses newborn’s adjustments to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • If score is low or has reached 20 minutes of life, further investigation is required.

    Neonatal Transition

    • Periods of Reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of activity - birth to 30 minutes
      • Stage 2: Period of relative inactivity 30 minutes to 2 hours
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity 2-6 hours
      • Stability period: 6-24 hours
    • Actual times can vary but there should always be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity
    • Presence of reactivity periods: Indicate positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Pre-Exam Considerations

    • Warm environment: Suitable for newborn comfort
    • Good lighting and very little noise: Minimal stimulation
    • Flexibility with order of exam: Adapt to newborn needs

    Newborn/Infant Definitions

    • Newborn/infant refers to the period from birth to the first 4 weeks of life
    • Pre-term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth between 37 and 41 weeks and 6 days gestational age
    • Post-term: Birth at 42 weeks or greater gestational age

    Stabilization in the Delivery Room

    • Newborn stabilization includes:
      • Drying and suctioning the newborn
      • Determining APGAR scores
      • Initial airway, general, chest, and abdomen exam
      • Vitamin K administration - 1 mg IM
      • Ophthalmic ointment application - infection prophylaxis
      • Glucose evaluation

    APGAR Score

    • Assesses the newborn’s immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
    • If the score is low or the baby needs resuscitation, APGAR score is determined every 5 minutes until it reaches 20 minutes of life

    Baby A - Apgar Examples

    • Born through spontaneous vaginal delivery
    • Mother is 26 years old, G2P2, with no complications
    • 1-minute Apgar: Crying and vigorous; color is blue, HR 150 BPM, gets mad when bulb suctioned
    • 5-minute Apgar: Crying off and on; pink with blue hands and feet, good flexion, HR 140s

    Baby B - Apgar Examples

    • Mother is 35 years old, G1P1, vacuum-assisted delivery
    • 1-minute Apgar: Infant is floppy, HR 120; turns away when bulb suctioned, color is blue, breathing is slow and irregular
    • 5-minute Apgar: Shows some flexion now, HR 180, coughing, pink with acrocyanosis, good breathing, but not crying

    Newborn Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Birth to 30 minutes - Initial Period of activity (very alert and awake, may be fussy)
      • Stage 2: 30 minutes to 2 hours - Period of relative inactivity (may sleep or be very quiet)
      • Stage 3: 2 to 6 hours - Second period of reactivity (may show a brief period of fussiness or alert behavior)
      • Stage 4: 6 to 24 hours - Stability period (becomes more stable, sleeps longer, more predictable breathing)

    Vital Signs - Preparing for Newborn Exam

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting with very little noise
    • Flexibility regarding the order of the exam

    Low Birth Weight (LBW)

    • Not defined in the provided text

    Newborn Definitions

    • Newborn: From birth to 28 days of life
    • Pre-Term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth between 37 weeks and 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term: 42 weeks gestation or greater

    Stabilization in Delivery Room

    • Dry and suction newborn
    • Determine APGAR scores
    • Initial Examination: Airway, General, Chest, Abdomen
      • Complete exam is delayed until infant is admitted to the nursery
    • Vitamin K administration (1mg IM)
    • Ophthalmic Ointment application (infection prophylaxis)
    • Glucose evaluation

    APGAR Score

    • Assesses the newborn's immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • If score is low, or has reached 20 minutes of life, further assessments and interventions may be required

    Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of Reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of Activity (birth to 30 minutes)
      • Stage 2: Period of Relative Inactivity (30 minutes to 2 hours)
      • Stage 3: Second Period of Reactivity (2 to 6 hours)
      • Stability Period (6 to 24 hours)
    • Actual times vary by baby, but there should always be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity
    • Presence of periods of reactivity indicates a positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Before You Start... Vital Signs

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and limited noise
    • Be flexible with the order of the exam

    Newborn/Infant Definitions

    • Newborn/Infant - Birth to 28 days of life
    • Pre-term - Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term - Birth between 37 weeks and 41 weeks and 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term - 42 weeks or greater gestational age

    Stabilization in Delivery Room

    • Dry and suction the newborn
    • Determine APGAR Scores
    • Initial Exam - Airway, General, chest, abdomen
    • Complete exam delayed until infant admitted to nursery
    • Vitamin K Administration - 1 mg IM
    • Ophthalmic ointment application - infection prophylaxis
    • Glucose Evaluation

    Apgar Score

    • Assesses newborn immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • If score is low or less than 7, APGAR score is reassessed at 20 minutes of life

    Baby A

    • Born SVD to a G2 P2 26yo, no complications
    • At 1 min - Comes out crying and vigorous but color is still blue, heart rate 150 beats per minute, baby gets mad when bulb-syringed
    • At 5 min - Crying off and on, pink with blue hands and feet, good flexion, heart rate in the 140s

    Baby B

    • Mom 35, G1P1, vacuum assisted delivery
    • At 1 min - Infant is floppy, heart rate 120, baby turns away when bulb-syringed, color is blue and the breathing is slow & irregular
    • At 5 min - There is now some flexion, heart rate 180, coughing, pink with acrocyanosis, good breathing but not crying

    Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of activity - birth to 30 min
      • Stage 2: Period of relative inactivity 30m -2 hours
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity 2-6 hours
      • Stability period 6-24 hours
    • Actual times vary by baby, but there should always be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity
    • The presence of periods of reactivity indicate a positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Before You Start...Vital Signs

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and very little noise
    • Be flexible with the order of the exam

    Low Birth Weight

    • Less than 2500 grams

    Newborn/Infant Definitions

    • Newborn/Infant - From birth to first 4 weeks (28 days) of life
    • Pre-term – Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term – Birth 37 weeks- 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term- 42weeks or > gestational age

    Stabilization in delivery room

    • Dry and suction the newborn
    • Determine APGAR Scores
    • Initial Exam – Airway, General, chest, abdomen
      • Complete exam delayed until infant admitted to nursery
    • Vitamin K Administration – 1 mg IM
    • Ophthalmic ointment application - infection prophylaxis
    • Glucose Evaluation

    Apgar Score

    • Assesses newborn immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • If score is low or has reached 20 minutes of life

    Transition from uterine to extrauterine life

    • Periods of reactivity
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of activity - birth to 30 min
      • Stage 2:Period of relative inactivity 30m -2 hours
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity 2-6 hours
      • Stability period 6-24 hours
    • Actual times vary by baby, but there should always be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity
    • Presence of periods of reactivity indicate a positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Before you start..Vital Signs

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and very little noise
    • Be flexible with order of exam

    Low Birth Weight (LBW)

    Definitions

    • Newborn/Infant: From birth to the first 4 weeks (28 days) of life
    • Pre-term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth 37 weeks - 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post-term: 42 weeks or more gestational age

    Stabilization in the Delivery Room

    • Dry and suction the newborn
    • Determine APGAR Scores
    • Initial Exam: Airway, General, chest, abdomen
    • Complete exam delayed until the infant is admitted to the nursery
    • Vitamin K Administration: 1 mg IM
    • Ophthalmic ointment application: Infection prophylaxis
    • Glucose Evaluation

    Apgar Score

    • Assesses newborn's immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • If score is low or has reached 20 minutes of life, a full exam will be performed

    Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of activity - birth to 30 min
      • Stage 2: Period of relative inactivity 30m - 2 hours
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity 2-6 hours
      • Stability period 6-24 hours
    • Actual times vary by baby, but there should be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity
    • Presence of periods of reactivity indicates a positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Before you start..Vital Signs

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and very little noise
    • Be flexible with the order of the exam

    Low Birth Weight (LBW)

    • Less than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds)

    Newborn/Infant Definitions

    • Newborn/Infant: Birth to first 4 weeks (28 days) of life
    • Pre-term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth 37 weeks- 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term: 42 weeks or > gestational age

    Stabilization in Delivery Room

    • Dry and suction the newborn
    • Determine APGAR Scores
    • Initial Exam - Airway, General, chest, abdomen
      • Complete exam delayed until infant admitted to nursery
    • Vitamin K Administration - 1 mg IM
    • Ophthalmic ointment application - infection prophylaxis
    • Glucose Evaluation

    APGAR Score

    • Assesses newborn's immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • If score is low or hasn't reached 20 minutes of life
    • APGAR Score examples:
      • Baby A
        • 1 Min: Crying and vigorous but blue
        • 5 Min: Crying off and on, pink with blue hands and feet, good flexion
      • Baby B
        • 1 Min: Floppy, blue, slow and irregular breathing
        • 5 Min: Some flexion, coughing, pink with good breathing but not crying

    Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of reactivity occur
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of activity - birth to 30 min
      • Stage 2:Period of relative inactivity 30m -2 hours
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity 2-6 hours
      • Stability period 6-24 hours
    • Actual times vary by baby, but there should always be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity
    • Presence of periods of reactivity indicate a positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Before Examining

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and very little noise
    • Be flexible with order of exam

    Vital Signs

    • Low Birth Weight (LBW): Less than 2500 grams (5.5 lbs)

    Newborn/Infant Definitions

    • Newborn/Infant: From birth to first 4 weeks (28 days) of life
    • Pre-term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth 37 weeks - 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term: 42 weeks or greater gestational age

    Stabilization in Delivery Room

    • Dry and suction the newborn
    • Determine APGAR Scores
    • Initial Exam: Airway, General, chest, abdomen (complete exam is delayed until infant is admitted the nursery)
    • Vitamin K administration: 1 mg IM
    • Ophthalmic ointment application: infection prophylaxis
    • Glucose Evaluation

    Apgar Score

    • Assesses the newborn's immediate adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes of life
    • Score of 7 or greater indicates a good adjustment
    • Score less than 7 or a score that has not reached 7 by 20 minutes of life indicates a need for further intervention

    Baby A

    • Born via SVD (Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery) to 26-year-old G2P2 (Gravida 2 Para 2) mother with no complications
    • At 1 minute: Baby was crying vigorously with good HR (150 BPM) but color was still blue. Baby got upset when the bulb syringe was used.
    • At 5 minutes: Baby was crying on and off, pink with blue hands and feet, good flexion, and HR in the 140s.

    Baby B

    • 35-Year-old G1P1 (Gravida 1 Para 1) mother who required a vacuum-assisted delivery.
    • At 1 minute: The infant was floppy, HR was 120 BPM, turned away when the bulb syringe was used, color was blue, and breathing was slow and irregular.
    • At 5 minutes: The baby had some flexion, HR was 180 BMP, was coughing, pink with clear lungs, had good breathing, but was not crying.

    Transition from Uterine to Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Initial Period of activity - birth to 30 minutes
      • Stage 2: Period of relative inactivity - 30 minutes to 2 hours
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity - 2 to 6 hours
      • Stability period - 6 to 24 hours
    • Actual times vary by baby, but there should always be a pattern of activity/sleep/activity.
    • Presence of periods of reactivity indicates a positive adjustment to extrauterine life.

    Before You Start: Vital Signs

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and minimal noise
    • Be flexible with the order of exam

    Newborn Definitions

    • Newborn: From birth to 28 days
    • Pre-term: Birth before 37 weeks gestational age
    • Term/Full-term: Birth between 37 and 41 weeks 6 days gestational age
    • Post Term: Birth 42 weeks or greater gestational age

    Stabilization in Delivery Room

    • Dry and suction newborn
    • Determine APGAR scores
    • Initial exam focuses on airway, general appearance, chest, and abdomen
    • Vitamin K administration (1mg IM)
    • Ophthalmic ointment application for infection prophylaxis
    • Glucose evaluation

    APGAR Score

    • Assesses newborn adjustment to extrauterine life
    • Determined at 1 and 5 minutes of life
    • Score of 7 or above is considered normal
    • A score of 3 or below indicates need for intervention after 20 minutes of life

    Example APGAR Scores

    • Baby A:
      • 1 minute: Crying, vigorous, blue color, HR 150 BPM
      • 5 minutes: Crying, pink with blue hands and feet, good flexion, HR 140 BPM
    • Baby B:
      • 1 minute: Floppy, HR 120, slow and irregular breathing, blue color
      • 5 minutes: Flexion, HR 180, coughing, pink with acrocyanosis, good breathing but not crying

    Transition From Uterine To Extrauterine Life

    • Periods of reactivity:
      • Stage 1: Initial activity (birth to 30 minutes)
      • Stage 2: Relative inactivity (30 minutes to 2 hours)
      • Stage 3: Second period of reactivity (2 to 6 hours)
      • Stability period (6 to 24 hours)
    • Times vary by baby, but there should be a pattern of activity, sleep, and activity
    • Presence of periods of reactivity indicate positive adjustment to extrauterine life

    Before Vital Signs

    • Warm environment
    • Good lighting and minimal noise
    • Flexibility in exam order

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    Newborn-Infant Physical PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on newborn care, definitions, and the APGAR scoring system. This quiz covers essential information regarding newborn stabilization and the transition phases after birth. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals in pediatrics!

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