Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended breast feeding frequency for clients?
What is the recommended breast feeding frequency for clients?
- 6-8 times daily
- 4-6 times daily
- 8-12 times daily (correct)
- 10-15 times daily
Which of the following methods can help prevent clogged ducts in breastfeeding clients?
Which of the following methods can help prevent clogged ducts in breastfeeding clients?
- Wear a nonbinding bra (correct)
- Wear a supportive bra at all times
- Avoid breastfeeding on demand
- Limit hydration
What is the appropriate axillary temperature range for a normal newborn?
What is the appropriate axillary temperature range for a normal newborn?
- 37.2 - 38.5 C
- 36.4 - 37.2 C (correct)
- 35.5 - 36.4 C
- 34.0 - 35.5 C
What is an effective relief method for engorgement in non-breastfeeding clients?
What is an effective relief method for engorgement in non-breastfeeding clients?
What is the typical respiratory rate for a normal newborn?
What is the typical respiratory rate for a normal newborn?
Which of the following is NOT a feeding cue in newborns?
Which of the following is NOT a feeding cue in newborns?
What is the primary characteristic of colostrum?
What is the primary characteristic of colostrum?
Mature milk primarily consists of what percentage of water?
Mature milk primarily consists of what percentage of water?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for milk production in breastfeeding?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for milk production in breastfeeding?
What is the role of hind milk in breastfeeding?
What is the role of hind milk in breastfeeding?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?
What is the consequence of not removing human milk during breastfeeding?
What is the consequence of not removing human milk during breastfeeding?
What is the relationship between oxytocin and breastfeeding?
What is the relationship between oxytocin and breastfeeding?
What is the APGAR score range that indicates a normal condition for a newborn?
What is the APGAR score range that indicates a normal condition for a newborn?
What intervention is performed to stimulate a newborn to cry and breathe right after birth?
What intervention is performed to stimulate a newborn to cry and breathe right after birth?
How often should vital signs be taken for a newborn in the first hours after birth?
How often should vital signs be taken for a newborn in the first hours after birth?
What is the purpose of administering erythromycin eye ointment to a newborn?
What is the purpose of administering erythromycin eye ointment to a newborn?
Which best describes the timing for the administration of Vitamin K after birth?
Which best describes the timing for the administration of Vitamin K after birth?
What does a Ballard score assess in a newborn?
What does a Ballard score assess in a newborn?
What is acrocyanosis in newborns?
What is acrocyanosis in newborns?
What is a key assessment to perform within the first 24 hours before discharge?
What is a key assessment to perform within the first 24 hours before discharge?
Which treatment is specifically used for jaundice in infants?
Which treatment is specifically used for jaundice in infants?
What type of immunity is conveyed through breastfeeding?
What type of immunity is conveyed through breastfeeding?
During which stage of play do children engage in similar activities without direct interaction?
During which stage of play do children engage in similar activities without direct interaction?
What change in an infant's condition is a more reliable indicator of infection than fever?
What change in an infant's condition is a more reliable indicator of infection than fever?
What is true about caput succedaneum?
What is true about caput succedaneum?
At what age do breast buds typically begin to develop in females?
At what age do breast buds typically begin to develop in females?
Which statement regarding cephalohematoma is correct?
Which statement regarding cephalohematoma is correct?
Which developmental stage follows the release of androgens responsible for pubic hair development?
Which developmental stage follows the release of androgens responsible for pubic hair development?
What should be assessed if a newborn does not void within 24 hours?
What should be assessed if a newborn does not void within 24 hours?
Which type of play involves children working together, following rules or goals?
Which type of play involves children working together, following rules or goals?
What is a common characteristic of stool in breastfed infants?
What is a common characteristic of stool in breastfed infants?
What does the passive immunity provided during pregnancy primarily constitute?
What does the passive immunity provided during pregnancy primarily constitute?
How many times do infants typically void by the end of day 5?
How many times do infants typically void by the end of day 5?
Which of the following indicates a potential risk for jaundice in newborns?
Which of the following indicates a potential risk for jaundice in newborns?
What is the usual appearance of stool in formula-fed infants?
What is the usual appearance of stool in formula-fed infants?
How often should jaundice be assessed in newborns?
How often should jaundice be assessed in newborns?
What is the typical peak bilirubin level in physiologic jaundice in newborns?
What is the typical peak bilirubin level in physiologic jaundice in newborns?
Which factor is a significant risk for early onset breastfeeding jaundice?
Which factor is a significant risk for early onset breastfeeding jaundice?
What is one characteristic of late onset breastfeeding jaundice?
What is one characteristic of late onset breastfeeding jaundice?
Which intervention is recommended for managing late onset breastfeeding jaundice?
Which intervention is recommended for managing late onset breastfeeding jaundice?
Pathologic jaundice in newborns typically appears at what time after birth?
Pathologic jaundice in newborns typically appears at what time after birth?
What is one common cause of pathologic jaundice?
What is one common cause of pathologic jaundice?
Which symptom is associated with increased risk for early breastfeeding jaundice?
Which symptom is associated with increased risk for early breastfeeding jaundice?
What is a potential consequence of insufficiently addressed late onset breastfeeding jaundice?
What is a potential consequence of insufficiently addressed late onset breastfeeding jaundice?
Flashcards
Feeding cues (newborns)
Feeding cues (newborns)
Signals from newborns that indicate they are hungry. These include eye movements (rapid), suckling, hand to mouth movements, body movements, small sounds, rooting, and eventually crying.
Colostrum
Colostrum
The yellowish, thick first milk produced by a mother during the first 2-3 days after birth.
Transitional milk
Transitional milk
Milk produced by the mother from approximately 3-4 days to 2 weeks postpartum, with a higher fat, lactose, and water-soluble vitamins content.
Mature milk
Mature milk
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Foremilk
Foremilk
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Hindmilk
Hindmilk
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Breastfeeding benefits for infants
Breastfeeding benefits for infants
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Breastfeeding benefits for mother
Breastfeeding benefits for mother
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Supportive Bra for Lactation Suppression
Supportive Bra for Lactation Suppression
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Engorgement Relief: Cabbage Leaves
Engorgement Relief: Cabbage Leaves
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Normal Newborn Heart Rate
Normal Newborn Heart Rate
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Newborn Breathing Pattern
Newborn Breathing Pattern
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Newborn Temperature
Newborn Temperature
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APGAR Score
APGAR Score
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What does a low APGAR score indicate?
What does a low APGAR score indicate?
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When is a newborn's first full physical exam?
When is a newborn's first full physical exam?
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Why is Vitamin K given to newborns?
Why is Vitamin K given to newborns?
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What is the 'golden hour' for newborns?
What is the 'golden hour' for newborns?
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What is acrocyanosis?
What is acrocyanosis?
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What is Ballard Score?
What is Ballard Score?
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What are some vital signs monitored in newborns?
What are some vital signs monitored in newborns?
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Caput Succedaneum
Caput Succedaneum
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Cephalohematoma
Cephalohematoma
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Newborn Voiding Assessment
Newborn Voiding Assessment
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Newborn Voiding Patterns
Newborn Voiding Patterns
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Breastfed Stools
Breastfed Stools
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Formula-Fed Stools
Formula-Fed Stools
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Jaundice Assessment
Jaundice Assessment
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Preventing Jaundice
Preventing Jaundice
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Physiologic Jaundice
Physiologic Jaundice
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Early Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice
Early Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice
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Late Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice
Late Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice
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What is the cause of Late Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice?
What is the cause of Late Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice?
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Pathologic Jaundice
Pathologic Jaundice
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What are some causes of Pathologic Jaundice?
What are some causes of Pathologic Jaundice?
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What are the interventions for Early Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice?
What are the interventions for Early Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice?
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What are the interventions for Late Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice?
What are the interventions for Late Onset Breastfeeding Jaundice?
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What is phototherapy used for?
What is phototherapy used for?
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What is passive immunity?
What is passive immunity?
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What is thelarche?
What is thelarche?
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What is adrenarche?
What is adrenarche?
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What are Tanner stages?
What are Tanner stages?
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What is the peak height velocity?
What is the peak height velocity?
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What is unoccupied play?
What is unoccupied play?
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What is solitary play?
What is solitary play?
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Study Notes
Normal Newborn Transition
- Pulse: 120-160 bpm (may be as low as 100 bpm during sleep and up to 180 bpm while crying). Apical pulse should be counted for a full minute.
- Respirations: 30-60 respirations/minute, predominantly diaphragmatic, but synchronous with abdominal movements. Brief periods of apnea (less than 15 seconds) are normal.
- Temperature: Axillary: 36.4°C - 37.2°C (97.5°F - 99°F), Skin: 36°C-36.5°C (96.8°F to 97.7°F).
- Blood Pressure: 90-60/50-40 mmHg at birth, 100/50 mmHg at day 10.
- Blood Glucose: Greater than or equal to 40 mg/dL.
- Hematocrit: Less than 65%-70% (central venous sample).
Normal Newborn Rashes
- Congenital Dermal Melanocystosis: Bluish-black pigmentation, common on back or buttocks, fades over a year. More prevalent in darker skin tones.
- Nevus Simplex: Also known as salmon patches, superficial capillary defects, often found on face, neck, or eyelids. Usually fades within the first 1-2 years, though some can persist into adulthood.
- Telangiectatic nevi: Similar to salmon patches, these are superficial capillary defects common on the face, neck, or eyelids; they gradually fade within several first/second years.
- Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum: Transient rash developing in the first 24-72 hours, lasting up to three weeks. Found on any part of the body as an inflammatory response, does not require treatment, and often disappears without intervention.
- Hemangioma: Newly formed capillary lesions, superficial and raised appearing; often a bright red color common on scalp, face, back, and anterior chest, they usually begin to fade after six months, but treatment may be considered in relation to size or location.
- Milia: Small white sebaceous glands, normal finding, commonly found in the nose, chin and forehead areas.
Infant Feeding
- Feeding Cues: rapid eye movement under eyelids, suckling movements, hand-to-mouth movements; body movements; small sounds; rooting; crying (is the last hunger cue).
- Types of Milk:
- Colostrum: First 2-3 days, yellow, thick, high in protein, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, and immunoglobulins.
- Transitional Milk: 3-4 days to 2 weeks, higher concentration of fat, lactose, and water-soluble vitamins.
- Mature Milk: After 2 weeks, 10% carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and 90% water. Foremilk (higher in water, vitamins, and protein), and hindmilk (higher in fat).
Breast changes during and after breastfeeding
- Colostrum development: may begin as early as 12-16 weeks.
- Milk production: in alveoli of breasts; most produced during infant sucking.
- Hormones: Prolactin, Oxytocin
- Supply & demand: breastfeeding will regulate the amount of milk produced. If not stimulated, supply decreases.
- Benefits of breastfeeding for infants Reduced allergies, infections, various diseases, tailoring nutrition, easily digestible, reduces constipation, healthy portion control, not reliant on clean water.
- Benefits of breastfeeding for the mother Oxytocin release, enhances uterine involution, reduces blood loss, delays return of menses and ovulation.
Discharge Teaching
- Breastfeeding Clients: wear loose bras; breastfeed on demand (8-12 times daily); ensure complete breast emptying; use warm compresses before feeding and cold compresses after; and maintain proper nipple care
- Non-breastfeeding Clients: Lactation suppression.
- Engorgement relief: Cold compresses, cabbage leaves, analgesics, or anti-inflammatories (as needed)
- Avoid direct stimulation and warm water
Normal Newborn Transition
- Vitals (infants):
- Heart rate (120-160 bpm, apical, 1-minute count), respiration (30-60 bpm), temperature (36.4-37.2°C axillary), blood pressure (90-60/50-40 mmHg at birth, 100/50 mmHg at day 10).
- Other Assessment: First 24 hours, full examination of physical condition; nutritional status; feeding practices; and metabolic testing.
APGAR Scoring
- Assessment: performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; - 0-3 = critical - 4-6 = below normal - 7-10 = normal
- Repeated assessments: if score is less than 7, repeat every 5 minutes for up to 20 minutes.
- Aspects assessed: Color, Heart Rate, Reflex Irritability, Muscle Tone, Respiratory Effort.
- Action: based on outcome.
Gestational Size/Age/ Maturity
- Assessment used to assess physical development of the baby at birth
- Physical Characteristics measured. A score is assigned.
- Important Considerations: high risk problem assessment; vitals every 30 minutes, then hourly; identify infant, security system, and name band; obtain weight, length, and head circumference; measure BMI starting at 2 years old.
Heat Loss
- Conduction: heat loss through contact.
- Convection: heat loss through air currents.
- Evaporation: heat loss through moisture on skin.
- Radiation: heat loss to surrounding environment.
Immune System
- Passive Immunity: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) crosses placenta during the third trimester, providing immunity to the infant. Breastfeeding also provides passive immunity.
Types of Play
- Unoccupied play: infants show no particular focus or activity.
- Solitary Play: 0-2 years old, the child plays independently.
- Onlooker Play: The child watches other children play. (~2 years)
- Parallel Play: children play with similar activities but do not engage with each other (~ 2 years old)
- Associative Play: (3 - 4 years) children engage in similar activities but can exchange materials or ideas
- Cooperative Play: children play together with rules/goals and shared activities (~4 years old).
Voiding
- Infants: 93% of infants void within 24 hours of birth, and 99% void within 48 hours. Monitor for inadequate fluid intake, bladder distention, or restlessness.
- Initial Bladder Volume: 6-44 ml.
- Assessment: assess voiding as you assess feeding.
Elimination (Breastfed)
- Color: Yellow, gold, soft, or mushy, seedy.
Jaundice
- Assessment: Assess for jaundice every 8-12 hours. Visual assessment (universal predischarge bilirubin screening), serum levels.
- Types: Physiologic (normal, 3-5 days after birth), Early/Late Onset Breastfeeding jaundice.
- Treatment: Depending on severity. Possible phototherapy.
Newborn Reflexes (and Specifics)
- Specific Reflexes: blinking, Babinski (fans out toes), grasping (palms when touched), Moro (startle), rooting, stepping, sucking, swimming, tonic neck reflex.
- Timing: and persistence of reflexes.
Newborn Genitalia (and Specifics)
- Normal Findings: specific observations and information.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the normal transition parameters of newborns, including vital signs and common newborn rashes. This quiz covers essential information regarding neonatal care that every caregiver should know.