Development Psych Chapter 1-12

According to the text, which perspective emphasizes the idea that children move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations?

Which term focuses on the process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with?

Which perspective emphasizes the idea of lifelong patterns established by early experiences and gaining clarity of thought as time goes on?

Which term involves is hereditary information received from parents?

During which period is the spinal cord formed?

When are the upper limbs very sensitive to teratogens?

What is the effect of preeclampsia if left untreated?

When does habituation occur?

At what week do creases start to form during hand development?

When does the dilation stage occur during childbirth?

When does the fetal period begin?

When are the eyes very sensitive to teratogens?

Which sense is the least developed in newborns?

What can lead to anoxia and cerebral palsy in newborns?

Which reflexes have survival value and gradually disappear within the first 6 months?

What influences babies' taste preferences?

What can help identify CNS abnormalities and developmental issues in newborns?

Which state of arousal is experienced by newborns when they are relatively inactive, eyes open and attentive, and have even breathing?

Which reflex is elicited by stroking the cheek of a newborn?

What is a potential risk factor for an increased chance of cerebral palsy in newborns?

Which genetic inheritance pattern causes phenotype to be a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes, influencing the expression of certain traits?

Which prenatal diagnostic method involves the sampling of amniotic fluid to detect developmental problems before birth?

Which level of the surrounding environment, according to the ecological systems theory, includes influences from extended family, mass media, and other social structures?

Which perspective focuses on directly observable events and behaviors, with an emphasis on the impact of environmental stimuli on behavior?

Which prenatal development process involves the fusion of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote?

Which theorist stresses the importance of social interaction and adult assistance in children's cognitive development and the acquisition of cultural behaviors?

Which stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, is characterized by the ability to think symbolically, but with limitations in logical reasoning?

Which prenatal diagnostic method involves the sampling of placental tissue to detect genetic and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus?

Which genetic inheritance pattern involves the interaction of multiple genes to produce a particular trait?

Which prenatal diagnostic method uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus?

Which level of the surrounding environment, according to the ecological systems theory, involves interactions within the immediate surroundings such as family, peers, and school?

What percentage greater is the height of a 2-year-old compared to birth height?

At what age does the weight of an infant triple compared to the end of year 2?

During which period do the head, chest, and trunk grow first, followed by arms and legs, then hands and feet?

What is the function of myelination in brain development?

What is the name of the cells that coat neural fibers with an insulated fatty sheath?

What happens to neurons that are not stimulated by input from the environment?

What is the term for the fibers from different neurons coming close together but not touching?

What measure of brain functioning records the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to a particular stimulus?

At what age do babies typically shift to categorizing based on common function or behavior?

At what age do infants typically exhibit the first signs of stranger anxiety?

At what age do self-conscious emotions such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment typically appear?

At what age does the stability of temperament start to increase significantly?

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, at what phase do babies display separation anxiety?

In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation, which attachment style is characterized by infants being unresponsive to the parent when she is present and not distressed when the parent leaves?

Which type of attachment is most strongly associated with higher self-esteem, social skills, and empathy in later development?

At what percentage do children typically exhibit secure attachment?

Which phase of Bowlby's attachment theory involves the development of an internal working model?

Which phase of Bowlby's attachment theory involves built-in signals that help bring newborn babies into close contact with other humans who comfort them?

At what age do infants typically exhibit the first signs of cooing (vowel-like noises)?

At what age do infants typically start babbling with consonants added, repeating consonant-vowel combinations?

At what age do 18 to 24 month olds arrive at solutions suddenly rather than through trial and error?

What is the term for the ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present?

At what age do infants imitate actions that are intended but not complete?

What method is used to discover what infants know about hidden objects and other aspects of physical reality?

At what age do infants demonstrate evidence of object permanence using the violation of expectation method?

At what age do infants more often engage in predictive tracking of objects?

At what age do 8 to 10 month olds remove cover from partially hidden objects before they are able to do so from a fully covered object?

What is the term for the error made by 8 to 12 month olds when they search for hidden objects?

What perspective suggests that infants have some built-in cognitive equipment for making sense of experience?

At what age do infants demonstrate evidence of object permanence by tracking a ball’s path of movement as it disappears and reappears behind a barrier?

What is the term for the perspective that emphasizes the idea of lifelong patterns established by early experiences and gaining clarity of thought as time goes on?

At what age do infants search for an object placed on a table and covered by a cloth before they search for an object that a hand deposits under a cloth?

Which method is NOT used to study brain activity and specialization in the cerebral cortex?

Which type of malnutrition can lead to lasting physical and cognitive damage in children?

Which theory of cognitive development involves the sensorimotor stage divided into six subsections?

What do infants build cognitive schemes through?

What is the name of the reflex elicited by stroking the cheek of a newborn?

Which stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think symbolically?

What is the process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with called?

Which prenatal diagnostic method involves the sampling of amniotic fluid to detect developmental problems before birth?

Which reflexes have survival value and gradually disappear within the first 6 months?

What is the effect of preeclampsia if left untreated?

Which theorist emphasizes the nature as hereditary information received from parents and everything else as nurture?

What is the level of the surrounding environment in the ecological systems theory that involves interactions within the immediate surroundings such as family, peers, and school?

At what age do children start to draw recognizable shapes and label them?

What age do children typically start to distinguish writing from non-writing?

At what age do most children use the adult grip pattern for writing?

At what age do children typically exhibit the first signs of cooing?

In which age range do children typically learn to grip a pencil?

At what age do children typically confuse letter pairs that are alike in shape?

At what age do children typically start to create more complex drawings and conventional human and animal figures?

What age do children typically start to experiment with lines and shapes to print letters and words?

At what age do many parts of the cerebral cortex have overproduced synapses?

At what age does the number of synapses in the prefrontal cortex nearly double the adult amount?

At what age does the hippocampus undergo rapid synapse formation and myelination?

At what age does the corpus callosum experience peak synaptic production and myelination?

At what age do most fetuses show a right hand preference during thumb sucking?

At what age do self-conscious emotions such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment typically appear?

At what age do infants typically exhibit the first signs of cooing (vowel-like noises)?

At what age do infants demonstrate evidence of object permanence using the violation of expectation method?

At what age do infants imitate actions that are intended but not complete?

At what age do 8 to 10 month olds remove cover from partially hidden objects before they are able to do so from a fully covered object?

At what age do infants more often engage in predictive tracking of objects?

At what age does the brain increase from 70% of adult weight to 90% by preschool years?

What contributes to body growth and cognitive performance in early childhood?

What is a factor influencing handedness in early childhood?

What is associated with variations in sleeping arrangements in early childhood?

What has led to a decline in children's lead levels?

What does brain plasticity ensure in early childhood?

What is influenced by repeated exposure to new foods in early childhood?

What is associated with low-level lead exposure in early childhood?

What is influenced by nature, nurture, and prenatal events in determining handedness?

What is associated with extreme emotional deprivation in early childhood?

What contributes to a decline in childhood diseases?

What is influenced by social environment in early childhood?

What is influenced by lack of health insurance in low-income families?

What is the impact of emotional well-being on growth and health in preschoolers?

What is the recommended total sleep duration for 2-3 year olds?

Which group of children is more likely to continue napping throughout early childhood?

What is the consequence of inadequate parental control over screen time?

What is the potential outcome of coercing picky eaters to eat healthy food?

How do ordinary childhood illnesses affect physical growth in well-nourished children?

What is the recommended sleep intervention for children?

What is the effect of extreme emotional deprivation on growth?

What is the role of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in children's development?

What is the recommended sleep duration for 4-6 year olds?

What is the impact of sleep habits on cognitive performance?

What is the consequence of early treatment with injections of GH or IGF-1 for children's growth?

What is a strong predictor of emergent literacy?

What is associated with early reading ability and the ability to comprehend story narratives?

Which brain region plays a role in theory of mind development?

What is advanced in understanding false belief and other aspects of the mind?

What is the ability to inhibit inappropriate responses, think flexibly, and plan?

What is children's active effort to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences?

At what age do children typically begin to understand the symbolic function of written language?

What is a key factor associated with children's comprehension of story narratives?

What is the sequence for mastery of gender constancy according to cognitive developmental theory?

Which child rearing style is characterized by being warm, responsive, and engaging in confrontive behavioral control with reasonable demands for mature behavior?

According to gender schema theory, how do young children pick up gender-stereotyped preferences?

What is the effect of child maltreatment prevention through teaching high-risk parents effective child rearing strategies?

Which child rearing style is characterized by being cold and rejecting, engaging in coercive behavioral control, and making excessive demands for mature behavior?

What is the primary focus of gender schema theory in explaining gender role development?

Which phase of Bowlby's attachment theory involves the development of an internal working model?

What is the primary role of authoritative child rearing style?

According to Piaget, what is the most flexible means of mental representation in early childhood?

At what age do children typically understand that an object can take on a fictional identity in a pretend game?

According to Vygotsky, what do children learn to follow as they create imaginary situations in make believe play?

What does sociodramatic play contribute to in preschoolers?

At what age are children typically able to use models as guides to finding things?

According to Piaget, what leads to internal images of experience which children then label with words?

At what age do children typically become detached participants in make believe play?

What does Vygotsky consider make believe play to be in terms of cognitive development?

What does Piaget not regard as the primary ingredient in childhood cognitive change?

By the end of the second year, what type of play is under way and increases rapidly in complexity during early childhood?

What does play contribute to in children's development?

What does Piaget believe play detaches from in early childhood?

According to Piaget, what is dual representation?

What is the term for the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities?

What is the term for the inability to mentally go through a series of steps in a problem and then reverse direction?

What does Piaget's class inclusion problem demonstrate?

What is centration in the context of Piaget's theory?

What is egocentrism according to Piaget?

What is the term for the idea that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same even when outward appearance changes?

What is the term for the organization of objects into classes and subclasses based on similarities and differences?

What is the term for the inability to select a picture that shows a situation from another's perspective?

What is the term for the failure to realize that changes in width compensate for changes in height?

What is magical thinking common during preschool years due to?

What does Piaget's three mountains problem demonstrate about preschoolers?

At what age do children master the meaning of numbers up to 10?

What allows children to rapidly connect new words with their underlying concepts?

What largely consists of observable characteristics in preschoolers' self-concept?

What influences prosocial behavior in preschoolers?

What stage does social development in preschoolers progress through?

What influences early childhood friendships?

What is evident in young children and influenced by social learning theories of gender identity?

What comes before self-perceptions in the development of gender identity, according to social learning theories?

What allows children to solve simple problems using counting?

What largely influences the self-concept of preschoolers?

What is influential in the development of gender identity in young children?

What is the term for the stage of social development in preschoolers characterized by experiencing self-conscious emotions?

According to Piaget, which type of thinking is common in young children?

In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what role does private speech play in cognitive processes?

What is the term for the teaching technique that adjusts support to fit the child's current level of performance?

Which concept refers to the promotion of cognitive development through social interaction?

At what age do preschoolers' magical beliefs decline according to the text?

What does Vygotsky's sociocultural theory stress about cognitive development?

Which technique involves adjusting support to fit the child's current level of performance?

What is common in young children according to Piaget's view?

According to Vygotsky's theory, what is the term for the range of tasks a child can perform with the help of an adult or more capable peer?

What is the term for the process of adjusting support to fit the child's current level of performance?

What does Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasize about cognitive development?

What is common in preschoolers' reasoning?

What is the most common vision problem in middle childhood?

What percentage of US children are overweight, leading to health problems such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes?

What is the most effective treatment for obesity in middle childhood?

What is the most likely contributor to nocturnal enuresis in children?

In which region are the tallest children found according to worldwide variations?

What is the most significant change in brain development during middle childhood?

What is the primary cause of hearing loss in 3-4% of school-aged children?

What is the primary factor contributing to refined gross motor skills in middle childhood?

What is the primary factor contributing to the accumulation of fat in girls by age 9?

What is the primary factor contributing to the increase in obesity rates in the last several decades?

What is the most effective intervention for treating nocturnal enuresis in children?

What is the primary cause of skeletal growing pains in middle childhood?

At what age does the understanding of the transitive property of equality typically emerge in children's cognitive development?

What is a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to DSM-5?

What is a recognized cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

What is the prevalence of autism among children?

Which cognitive theory is associated with autism?

What are recognized safe and effective approaches for fostering skills in individuals with ASD?

At what prevalence rate is autism found in males compared to females?

What is a characteristic of spatial reasoning in children by the end of middle childhood?

What is a characteristic of children's cognitive development related to classification hierarchies?

What is a key ability developed by children in cognitive development related to seriation?

What is a recognized subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder according to history?

What is a characteristic of savant skills in individuals with autism?

At what gestational age do 90% of infants survive with 10% experiencing moderate to severe disability?

What percentage of infants discharged alive at 24 weeks experience moderate to severe disability?

At what gestational age do the majority of infants discharged alive experience moderate to severe disability?