Newborn Assessment and Common Conditions

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Questions and Answers

A newborn is noted to have a heart rate of 90 beats/minute during an examination. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate given this finding?

  • Provide positive pressure ventilation. (correct)
  • Administer epinephrine intravenously.
  • Initiate chest compressions immediately.
  • Continue monitoring as this is a normal variant.

A newborn is diagnosed with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. What physical examination finding would most likely lead to the diagnosis?

  • Scaphoid abdomen. (correct)
  • Bounding peripheral pulses.
  • Distended abdomen.
  • Enlarged liver palpable 4 cm below the costal margin.

During a newborn physical examination, a weak femoral pulse is noted. What underlying condition should be suspected?

  • Aortic coarctation. (correct)
  • Ventricular septal defect.
  • Atrial septal defect.
  • Patent ductus arteriosus.

A newborn presents with an abnormal accumulation of blood between the periosteum and the skull bone that does not cross suture lines. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

<p>Cephalohematoma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In evaluating a newborn for possible genetic syndromes, which facial feature would raise the most suspicion for further genetic evaluation?

<p>Low-set ears. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A term newborn is noted to have testes that are not descended into the scrotum. What additional finding would most strongly suggest testicular torsion?

<p>Scrotal ecchymosis and firmness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A term female newborn presents with ambiguous genitalia. Which diagnosis warrants immediate endocrinology consultation?

<p>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A full-term newborn exhibits limited movement of the right arm with adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder as well as pronation of the forearm. What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Brachial nerve palsy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is crucial when assessing hip dysplasia using the Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers?

<p>Ensuring the neonate is quiet and relaxed during the maneuvers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newborn has a benign rash characterized by an erythematous base with white or yellow papules that appears 24 hours after birth. What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Erythema toxicum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the elicitation and expected response of the Moro reflex in a newborn?

<p>Pulling the arms slightly off the bed and releasing suddenly, causing the baby to extend the arms and then flex the hips. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newborn's APGAR score includes the following: heart rate absent, respiratory effort absent, grimace is floppy, muscle tone is absent and blue in color. What is the APGAR score?

<p>0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is crucial for infants of Rh-negative mothers during the newborn period?

<p>Order baby's blood type &amp; group (BTG) and direct Coombs test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk for hypoglycemia. Following the hypoglycemia protocol, after the initial feed, what is the first step if the initial glucose screen is <25 mg/dL?

<p>IV glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the infantile reflexes typically involves the baby's spine to curve toward the stimulated side after stroking one side of the back 1 cm from the midline, from shoulder to buttocks?

<p>Trunk Incurvation (Galant's) Reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you commonly find Vernix caseosa, and what gestational age do you commonly find it?

<p>Occurs on neonates &gt; 24 weeks' gestation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical exam finding is commonly the cause of jaundice for newborns?

<p>Caput Succedaneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should Phytonadione (Vitamin K) be given to a newborn, and why?

<p>Given to infants who weigh &gt; 1500 g within 6 hours of birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values would lead to considering the need to intubate the baby?

<p>Neonate (&lt;28 d) Respiratory rate of 70 breaths/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) readings may suggest a respiratory condition or cyanotic heart disease?

<p>&lt;90-92% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A baby with ROM≥18hrs(PROM) needs...

<p>Abx IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When looking at Intrauterine Growth Curves, weight <10% is known as...

<p>Small for Gestational Age (SGA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper dose of Phytonadione (vitamin K) to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn for infants?

<p>1 mg IM for infants who weigh &gt; 1500 g OR 0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg IM for infants who weigh ≤ 1500 g within 6 hours of birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding Phototherapy, what condition(s) do you have to consider for a newborn?

<p>IVF's, bilirubin profile, CBC, retic count, BTG &amp; Coombs, and Sepsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For infants of Zika+ mothers which steps should you take?

<p>Order Zika titers in blood and urine, Neurosonogram, RetCam, and Contact SEDSS/POPZE personnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For well infants 35-37 6/7 wk can adjust TSB levels for intervention around the ___________ risk:

<p>Medium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can Subconjunctival hemorrhages be caused by?

<p>forces exerted during delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spine is inspected for signs of

<p>spina bifida and meningomyelocele (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Newborn Evaluation

A systematic assessment of a newborn's health status, including physical parameters and gestational age.

APGAR Score

A rating scale assesses a newborn's transition to extrauterine life based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

Newborn Heart Rate

Heart rate of a newborn, typically ranging from 100 to 160 beats per minute.

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

An infant's weight that falls below the 10th percentile for their gestational age.

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Large for Gestational Age (LGA)

An infant's weight that exceeds the 90th percentile for their gestational age.

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Ballard Score

Assesses gestational age, neuromuscular, and physical maturity of newborns.

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Microcephaly

A smaller than normal head circumference, typically more than 2 standard deviations below the mean.

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Macrocephaly

A larger than normal head circumference, typically more than 2 standard deviations above the mean.

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Phytonadione (Vitamin K)

Medication given to prevent hemorrhagic disease in newborns.

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Caput Succedaneum

Localized swelling on a baby's head that crosses suture lines.

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Cephalohematoma

A collection of blood under the scalp that does not cross suture lines.

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Umbilical Hernia

A bulge in the abdomen at the umbilicus, due to developing abdominal muscles.

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Babinski Reflex

Occurs after the sole of the foot has been stroked.

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Stepping Reflex

The baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with his/her feet touching a solid surface

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Moro Reflex (Startle Reflex)

Abruptly lower the entire body about 2 feet.

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Rooting Reflex

Primitive reflex tested by stroking skin at corners of mouth.

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Hypospadias or Epispadias

In boys, the penis should be examined for...

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TAGA

Term Adequate for Gestational Age

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The head

In a breech delivery, what part has less molding?

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Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

When a baby lies supine, turning the head to one side elicits extension of the that side, this is known as what reflex?

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