Problems of the newborn
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common condition encountered in the first 3 days of life in foals?

  • Heart murmur
  • Eye infection
  • Meconium impaction (correct)
  • Fractured limb

    • Which of the following is a foal condition that should be referred to a specialist?

  • Meconium impaction
  • Bladder rupture (correct)
  • Transient hypogammaglobulinemia
  • Flexural limb deformities

    • What should be assumed about a sick foal until proven otherwise?

  • It has a heart murmur
  • It has SIRS (correct)
  • It is healthy
  • It has a fractured limb

    • What is the recommended approach to a sick neonate?

    <p>Rapid, aggressive treatment of problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common presenting sign in sick foals?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best course of action for clients with sick foals who want minimal treatment?

    <p>Inform them of the likely outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical signs of prematurity and dysmaturity in foals?

    <p>Low birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of early recognition of a problem in foals?

    <p>To prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if in doubt about the treatment of a foal?

    <p>Refer to a specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the causes of FPT in newborn animals?

    <p>Early lactation and colostral loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe puppies with FPT that develop sepsis?

    <p>Fading puppy syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of FPT?

    <p>Improved growth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the treatment options for FPT?

    <p>Donor colostrum and hyperimmune plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should immunoglobulins be given if FPT is recognized after the neonate's ability to absorb colostrum?

    <p>Within the first 12-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for animals that do not produce good colostrum?

    <p>Primiparous animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of poor quality colostrum?

    <p>Excessive colostrum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of FPT and sepsis in newborn animals?

    <p>Increased mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some causes of failure of passive transfer in newborn animals?

    <p>Poor quality colostrum, early lactation and colostral loss, primiparous animals, poor udder development, mastitis, lack of appropriate maternal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some consequences of failure of passive transfer?

    <p>GI disease, respiratory disease (pneumonia), joint sepsis, umbilical abscess, fading puppy syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some ways to treat failure of passive transfer?

    <p>Donor colostrum, hyperimmune plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should donor colostrum be provided to a neonate?

    <p>If the mare or animal has been running milk for some time and has not delivered the colostrum to the neonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if failure of passive transfer is not recognized until after the neonate's ability to absorb colostrum?

    <p>Immunoglobulins should be given in a different way, as the pinocytes responsible for absorbing colostrum are no longer present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some consequences of failure of passive transfer and sepsis in newborn animals?

    <p>Increased mortality, poor weight gain, increased antibiotic usage, increased cost, poor welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for puppies with failure of passive transfer that develop sepsis?

    <p>Fading puppy syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common problems encountered in the first 3 days of life in foals?

    <p>Meconium impactions, FPT (failure of passive transfer), flexural limb deformities, omphalitis/hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some clinical signs of sepsis in foals?

    <p>Injected sclerae, aural petechiae, coronary band hyphaemia, umbilical pain, heat and swelling, joint swelling, oral petechiae, hyperaemia mucosa and oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some conditions that should be referred to a specialist when encountered in foals?

    <p>Sepsis, diarrhea, bladder rupture, perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), colic, pneumonia, prematurity/dysmaturity, congenital abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to a sick neonate?

    <p>Assume SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) until proven otherwise, do not ignore mild clinical abnormalities, time is of the essence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some consequences of prematurity and dysmaturity in foals?

    <p>Lung abnormalities, FPT, perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of early recognition and treatment of problems in foals?

    <p>Smaller bills for clients, better outcomes for foals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if in doubt about the treatment of a foal?

    <p>Refer and do the best for the client and the foal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common conditions that can be fixed by a first opinion vet?

    <p>Meconium impactions, FPT, flexural limb deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

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