New Testament Chapter 4 Flashcards

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

Evangelist: Refers to the authors of the four Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The term comes from the Greek word "euangellion," meaning "gospel" or "good news."
Parable: Figurative stories used to impart spiritual truths by referencing everyday occurrences.
Allegory: A narrative in which characters or events symbolize deeper concepts; for example, in the parable of the sower, seeds represent the word of God.
"Power" (dynamis): Greek term for miracles in Synoptic Gospels, signifying "power" or "deed of power."
"Sign" (sēmeia): Miraculous acts in the Gospel of John that signify deeper truths about God, with "sign" being the literal translation of sēmeia.

Significant Events and Concepts

Transfiguration: A moment in the Synoptic Gospels where Jesus' appearance is altered, revealing his divine glory; noted in Matthew 17:1-8, Mark 9:2-8, and Luke 9:28-36.
Pronouncement Story: Anecdotes in the Gospels focused on a pivotal statement made by Jesus, culminating the story’s message.
Passion: Refers to the suffering and death of Jesus Christ within Christian theology.

Sources and Theories

Oral Sources: Information about Jesus passed down orally before being documented by Gospel writers.
Synoptic Gospels: Refers to Matthew, Mark, and Luke due to their overlapping narratives, allowing for comparative study; "synoptic" translates to "seen together."
Synoptic Puzzle or Problem: The inquiry into how the Synoptic Gospels are interconnected and which Gospels influenced one another.

Hypotheses on Gospel Relationships

Two-Source Hypothesis: The theory suggesting that Mark was composed first, with Matthew and Luke using Mark as well as a lost source called Q.
Q Source: A theorized collection of Jesus' sayings utilized by Matthew and Luke, derived from the German word "Quelle," meaning source.
Four-Source Hypothesis: An expansion of the Two-Source Hypothesis indicating that Matthew and Luke also drew from additional unknown sources known as M (unique to Matthew) and L (unique to Luke).
Griesbach Hypothesis (or Two-Gospel Hypothesis): A less prevalent theory positing that Matthew was written first, followed by Luke, who utilized Matthew; Mark then referenced both. Proposed by modern scholar Griesbach.

Unique Material

M Material: Content exclusive to Matthew's Gospel, sourced from unidentified origins and not derived from Mark or Q.
L Material: Content exclusive to Luke's Gospel, similarly gathered from unknown sources, distinct from Mark and Q.

Description

Test your knowledge of key terms from Chapter 4 of the New Testament. This quiz includes important definitions like 'evangelist' and 'parable', helping you to deepen your understanding of biblical studies. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!