New France's Economy and Success

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Questions and Answers

What was the main purpose of bringing young women from France to New France?

To work in the dairy industry

To help populate the colony (correct)

To trade with the First Nations

To establish a new government

What was a major source of income for New France?

Fishing

Dairy industry

Fur trade (correct)

Farming

What was a negative aspect of life in New France?

Established religion

Good food

Survival was hard (correct)

Good leadership

What was the main reason for the rivalry between New France and Britain?

Access to the fur trade Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the fortress built by New France to defend itself against Britain?

Fortress of Louisbourg Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Utrecht?

Britain gained control of Quebec Signup and view all the answers

What was established in 1774 in Quebec City?

Rules for coexistence of French and English cultures and languages Signup and view all the answers

What did the French have to take after the Seven Years War?

An oath of allegiance to the British crown Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the guarantees provided with the establishment of Quebec City?

Freedom to practice Roman Catholicism Signup and view all the answers

What was the system of land ownership restored in Quebec City?

Seigneurial system Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the division of land in Upper Canada?

To accommodate the arrival of Loyalists Signup and view all the answers

What was the social class of the people who held power in Upper and Lower Canada by the 1830s?

The wealthy and powerful 'Family Compact' Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 'Voyageurs' in the fur trade?

To move pelts from trading posts to large ships ready to sail to Europe Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the fur trade for the Indigenous people?

They gained access to manufactured goods from Europe, but became dependent on Europeans Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for King Henry VIII's desire to break away from the Roman Catholic Church?

He wanted to marry again, but the Pope refused to grant him a divorce Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of King Henry VIII's decision to break away from the Roman Catholic Church?

The formation of the Church of England Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

New France

Young women were brought from France to populate the colony, mostly orphans
The colony was successful due to:
- Farms growing corn and potatoes
- Abundant fish supply
- Large dairy industry
- Fur trade generating significant revenue, particularly from beaver pelts used for top hats
Pros of New France:
- Good leadership under Champlain's vision and plan
- Clear roles and responsibilities
- Good routines and food supply (fish, pork, chicken, grains, maple syrup, fruit)
- Establishing a religion

Cons of New France

Harsh land and weather made survival difficult
Limited social mobility (e.g., farmers remained farmers)
Few lifestyle choices (e.g., women could only be mothers or nuns)
Strict rules and regulations

New France vs Britain

Both countries saw each other as competitors in the fur trade
The English built trading posts around James Bay, threatening New France's trade with the First Nations
New France built the Fortress of Louisbourg to defend its fisheries and territory

7 Years War and Its Aftermath

The war began in 1756 and lasted until 1763
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759) lasted only 30 minutes, resulting in the deaths of key leaders Montcalm and Wolfe
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) gave Britain control over Quebec, Ontario, and part of the US
The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war, and the Royal Proclamation established British, French, and Indigenous lands, as well as fishing and hunting rights

British Rule and Quebec City

By 1763, thousands of Canadians were under British rule
The French took the "Oath of Allegiance" to follow British laws
Quebec City was established in 1774, allowing for coexistence of French and English cultures and languages
The city guaranteed many freedoms, including religion, culture, and language

Loyalists and Upper Canada

Between 1773 and 1786, Loyalists arrived in Upper Canada, leading to the division of land for farming
They settled in York, Kingston, Prince Edward County, Cornwall, and Brockville
By 1775, 50,000 Loyalists had moved to British North America (BNA), and the population reached 395,000 by 1791

The Fur Trade

Indigenous people exchanged animal furs for weapons, metal goods, and other supplies
The furs were sold in Europe, where they were in high demand for hats and clothing
The fur trade made the Indigenous people dependent on Europeans for certain goods, changing their way of life forever

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Description

This quiz covers the success of New France, including its thriving farms, fish industry, dairy industry, and profitable fur trade. It also touches on the good leadership and routines that contributed to its prosperity.